Wikipedia

Chresmodidae

Chresmodidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic insects within the superorder Polyneoptera.[2][3][4]

Chresmodidae
Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–Cenomanian [1]
Fossil specimen of Chresmoda obscura from Germany, on display at Galerie de paléontologie et d'anatomie comparée in Paris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Subclass:
Pterygota
Infraclass:
Neoptera
Superorder:
Polyneoptera
(unranked):
Archaeorthoptera
Family:
Chresmodidae

Haase 1890

Genera

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Prochresmoda from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan is not currently considered part of the group and is considered to be more closely related to Triassophasma and Palaeochresmoda.[7]

Their affinities within the Polyneoptera have long been considered uncertain.[8] Some authors have suggested that they represent a derived group of cockroaches.[9]

Description

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Chresmodidae are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface, similar to extant water skaters. They can reach a size of about 17 centimetres (6.7 in).[10][11] and even 19 centimetres (7.5 in).[12]

These Polyneoptera of uncertain position have been considered aquatic, living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals.[13][14]

They lived during the Cretaceous of Brazil, China, Lebanon, Spain, United Kingdom, as well as in the Jurassic of Germany and China, from ~166.0 to 94.3 Ma.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Chresmodidae - Information on Chresmodidae - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
  3. ^ "family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890". speciesfile.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  4. ^ Delclos X, Nel A, Azar D, Bechly G, Dunlop JA, Engel MS, Heads SW The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil
  5. ^ ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-05-05). "A water-skiing chresmodid from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Polyneoptera: Orthopterida)". Zootaxa. 1762 (1): 53. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1762.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
  6. ^ ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-02-13). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702 (1): 26. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  7. ^ Nel, André; Marchal-Papier, Francine; Béthoux, Olivier; Gall, Jean-Claude (January 2004). "A "stick insect-like" from the Triassic of the Vosges (France) ("pre-Tertiary Phasmatodea")". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Nouvelle Série (in French). 40 (1): 31–36. doi:10.1080/00379271.2004.10697402. ISSN 0037-9271.
  8. ^ Shi, Chaofan; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2019-03-15), Ren, Dong; Shih, Chung Kun; Gao, Taiping; Yao, Yunzhi (eds.), "Chresmodidae - Water-Walking Insects", Rhythms of Insect Evolution, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 157–163, doi:10.1002/9781119427957.ch12, ISBN 978-1-119-42795-7, retrieved 2023-08-07
  9. ^ Vršanský, Peter (2020), "New Assemblages of the Bakhar Locality", Cockroaches from Jurassic sediments of the Bakhar Formation in Mongolia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 33–62, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59407-7_4, ISBN 978-3-030-59406-0, retrieved 2023-08-07
  10. ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 2106 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  11. ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 1551 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 1780 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  13. ^ A. G. Ponomarenko Fossil insects from the Tithonian «Solnhofener Plattenkalke» in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna
  14. ^ A. Nel, D. Azar, X. Martinez-Delclos and E. Makhoul A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects
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