Christian Bergh (April 30, 1763 – June 24, 1843), was the oldest and one of the first American shipbuilders in New York.[1][2] He was known for not allowing drinking and was the first shipbuilder to employ African Americans at his shipyard.[3] He contributed to the advances in the design and speed of 19th century sailing vessels.[4]
Christian Bergh | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | April 30, 1763 |
| Died | June 24, 1843 (aged 80) New York City, US |
| Occupation | Shipbuilder |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Ivers |
| Children | 3 |
Early life
editChristian Bergh was born on April 30, 1763, in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, New York. He married Elizabeth Ivers in 1800 in Stonington, New London, Connecticut. They had three children, Edwin (1802-1876), Jane (1812-1869), and Henry (1813-1888).[4] His ancestors came to America from Germany.[5]
Career
edit
Bergh began shipbuilding in 1798 before the War of 1812. He was appointed by the US government, with naval constructor William Doughty, to construct the 44-gun frigate President, which was completed in April 1800 at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.[5][6]
Bergh established a shipyard at Corlears Hook along the East River in the early 1800s. It was called Christian Bergh & Co. He built the following ships: North America (1804), Gypsey (1805), Galloway (1807), Canton (1809), Don Quixotte (1823), Ed Quesnel (1824), Paris (1824), and El Bonaffee (1824).[7][4][8]: p46
In July 1808, he and Henry Eckford were sent to Lake Ontario to build ships for the United States Navy. They built the 14-gun US Navy brig USS Oneida at Oswego, New York, on Lake Ontario.[9][7]: p42, 70
When he returned to New York, he continued with his shipyard at the foot of Scammel Street in the East River. There he built the frigate Hellas and the Antarctic.[10]
Jacob Aaron Westervelt was an apprentice for Christian Bergh in 1817 for five years.[11][7]: p177 In 1822, Westervelt formed a partnership with Robert Carnley and Bergh under the name of C. Bergh & Co. Some of the ships built by Bergh and Westervelt were the Hope (1825), Henry IV (1826), Charlemagne (1828), Albany (1831), Philadelphia (1832), Utica (1833), Distress (1834), Westminster (1835), and Toronto (1835).
Bergh's son, Henry Bergh joined his father in 1835 at the C. Bergh & Co., shipbuilding business. He was later the founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in April, 1866.[12]
Christian Bergh retired in 1837 having contributed to the advances in the design and speed of ships and a wealthy man.[4] In 1837, Henry and his brother Edwin reorganized the business as Bergh & Co. Edwin continued the business until his father's death in 1843, when the shipyard was closed.[4][8]
Death
editChristian Bergh died on June 24, 1843, at age 81, in New York City. He is buried at the St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery Churchyard, in New York City.[2] Philip Hone, a New York Mayor and celebrated diarist, wrote the following upon his death:
Died this day Christian Bergh, age 81 years, the oldest ship carpenter in the City, the father of the great system of Naval Architecture, which has rendered the City of New York famous throughout the world. Christian Bergh, was the first to raise the Character of Yankee packet ships to a height which as yet has been unapproached by any foreign nation.[7]
Legacy
editThe pilot-boat Christian Bergh, was most likely named in honor of Bergh as it was built by Westervelt in 1851.[13]
References
edit- ^ "Changes In Ships. The Wonderful Progress Of Naval Architecture". The Herald-Journal. Bessemer, Alabama. 28 Jul 1892. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ^ a b "In the death of Christian Bergh". The Charleston Daily Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. 1 Jul 1843. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Times Change". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. 18 Aug 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ a b c d e Lane, Marion S.; Zawistowski, Stephen; Beck, Marty (FRW) (2007). Heritage of Care. Abc-Clio. p. 2. ISBN 9780275990213.
- ^ a b Lossing, Benson John (1884). History of New York City. New York: Perine Engraving and Publishing Company. p. 221. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ Canney, Donald (2001). Sailing Warships of the US Navy. Chatham. p. 38. ISBN 9781861761101. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
- ^ a b c d Bradley, David (1986). South Street. Ardent Media. p. 42. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b John Harrison Morrison (1909). History of New York ship yards. p. 44. ISBN 9781418187385.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Selig, Steven M. (2008). Draughts: The Henry Eckford Story. Scottsdale, Arizona. pp. 34–25. ISBN 9781888106336. OCLC 298130198.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Christian Bergh". The Salt Lake Herald. Salt Lake City, Utah. 9 Jul 1882. p. 10. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ^ "Obituary. Jacob A. Westervelt". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 22 Feb 1879. p. 8. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
- ^ The National Cyclopedia of American Biography: Volume 3. New York. 1893. p. 106. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Statistics of 1851. Ship Building". New York Daily Herald. New York, New York. 1 Jan 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
