Christopher Wilson (1765–1845) was an English businessman, banker and political activist of anti-reform views.
Early life
editHe was the eldest son of Christopher Wilson and his wife Margaret Parke. He attended Hawkshead School with William Wordsworth.[1]
Wilson went into the cotton spinning trade, near Staveley.[2] He had a business interest in gunpowder, being a partner in the Low Wood Gunpowder Mill at Haverthwaite. This mill was a major supplier of export gunpowder for Africa to Liverpool, up to the Slave Trade Act 1807.[3] Wilson was connected to Liverpool through his uncle Thomas Parke.[4]
Wilson joined the Kendal Bank, founded by his father, Joseph Maude, and Thomas Crewdson, as a partner, in 1795.[2][5] He became senior partner in 1812, when the bank became Wilson, Crewdson & Co.[6]
Election of 1818
editThe 1818 election for Westmorland was closely contested by Henry Brougham, against two Tories of the locally predominant Lowther family, Viscount Lowther and Henry Lowther. Wilson acted as chairman of the local Lowther Committee. He held an anti-Reform meeting; while John Wakefield II, of the rival banking family, held a pro-Brougham meeting.[7] The Kendal Chronicle alleged that Wilson, a commissioner for the land tax, had employed "sly cunning", after Brougham had repeatedly claimed in Parliament that Wilson had delayed returning assessments in order to disenfranchise reform voters.[8][9]
Matters became rowdy, with a Reform mob setting up a barricade in Kendal to keep out the Lowther party arriving from Dallam Tower to the south. At this time Wordsworth, whose politics were Tory, commented in a letter to Lord Lonsdale, Viscount Lowther's father, that Wilson was wealthy, but not popular. Both Lowther candidates were returned in the two-member constituency.[8]
Later life
edit
Wilson lived at Abbot Hall.[8] He then bought Mansergh manor from Charles Satterthwaite in 1821.[10] After the Panic of 1825 he sold out of the Kendal Bank, in 1826.[11] He had the old manor house at Mansergh, called Rigmaden, rebuilt (1828), to a design by George Webster.[12][13] An enclosure act was passed in 1837 for Mansergh, where Wilson built and endowed a school.[14]
Thomas Chalmers, who encountered Wilson in the 1820s socially, described him as "banker, with £10,000 a year, a great landed proprietor, a magistrate, and most intimately and intelligently acquainted with pauperism".[15] He later quoted correspondence with Wilson, on the select vestry principle, in his work on poor relief, in The Christian and Civic Economy of Large Towns (1823).[16][17]
In 1837 Christopher Wilson, as a magistrate, took part in an enquiry in Kendal ordered by the Poor Law Commission, on a cruelty complaint raised by William Carus Wilson of Casterton, against the Board of Guardians of the Union workhouse.[18]
Family
editWilson married Catherine, daughter of James Wilson J.P. of Kendal and Lambrigg by his wife, Jenny Anne Crumpstone of Ambleside and they had 14 children: five sons and nine daughters.[19] The eldest son Edward became chairman of the Bank of Westmorland, when it was set up in 1833.[20] He married Anne Clementina, daughter of Thomas Sidney Beckwith.[19] He was succeeded by his brother William Wilson (1810–1880) who married Maria Letitia Hulme (1817–1873) at Stoke Gabriel, Devon in 1843 and had three sons and five daughters. Their eldest son Christopher Wyndham Wilson "Kit" (1844–1918) inherited the Rigmaden Park Estate in 1880.[21]
References
edit- George Chandler (1968). Four Centuries of Banking. Vol. 2. B. T. Batsford.
- John Satchell; Olive Wilson (1988). Christopher Wilson of Kendal: An Eighteenth Century Hosier and Banker. Kendal Civic Society & Frank Peters Publishing. ISBN 0-948511-50-8.
Notes
edit- ^ The Letters of William and Dorothy Wordsworth: The middle years: pt. II. 1812-1820 (1993_, revised by Mary Moorman and Alan G. Hill, note p. 417.
- ^ a b Satchell and Wilson, p. 55.
- ^ Satchell and Wilson, p. 3.
- ^ David Richardson, Anthony Tibbles, Suzanne Schwarz, Liverpool and Transatlantic Slavery (2007), p. 130; Google Books.
- ^ Chandler, p. 63.
- ^ Chandler, p. 77.
- ^ Satchell and Wilson, pp. 3–4.
- ^ a b c Chandler, p. 79.
- ^ James Routledge; J. H. Farmer (1865). Local chronology, notes of the principal events published in the Kendal newspapers since their establishment. p. 20. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ William Farrer & John F. Curwen (editors) (1924). "Mansergh". Records relating to the Barony of Kendale: volume 2. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
{{cite web}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Chandler, p. 80.
- ^ P. J. Mannex (1849). History, topography, and directory, of Westmorland; and Lonsdale north of the Sands, in Lancashire; together with a descriptive and geological view of the whole of the Lake district. p. 356. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ Leach, Peter. "Webster, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38115. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Samuel Lewis, ed. (1848). "Manea - Manthorpe". A Topographical Dictionary of England. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ William Hanna (1852). Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Thomas Chalmers. Sutherland and Knox. p. 331. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ David Gladstone; University of Bristol (22 December 1995). Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847): Works on Economics and Social Welfare. Taylor & Francis. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-415-12208-5. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ Thomas Chalmers, The Christian and Civic Economy of Large Towns (1823) p. 269; archive.org.
- ^ Clement Shorter, The Brontës: Life and Letters Vol II (1908), pp. 427–9; archive.org.
- ^ a b Sandys Birket Foster, The Pedigree of Wilson of High Wray & Kendal (1871), p. 18; archive.org.
- ^ Chandler, p. 92.
- ^ "Oxenholme past and present". Archived from the original on 26 March 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.