Wikipedia

Christopher de Leon on screen and stage

Christopher de Leon is a Filipino actor and filmmaker who has had an extensive career in film, television and stage. He made his screen debut in Lino Brocka's Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974), won his first acting award for Best Actor at the FAMAS, and has since appeared in 160 motion pictures. He received wider recognition for his roles in the historical period films Banaue: Stairway to the Sky (1975), Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos (1976), and Ganito Kami Noon... Paano Kayo Ngayon? (1976),[1] winning his second Best Actor at the FAMAS for the latter.[2] In 1978, De Leon played a cheating husband in Ishmael Bernal's Ikaw ay Akin with Nora Aunor and Vilma Santos, earning him his first Gawad Urian for Best Actor.[3]

De Leon at the Metro Manila Film Festival Parade of Stars event in 2023

De Leon established himself as a leading actor in the following years. In 1982, he starred in the mystery drama Haplos, winning Best Actor at the Metro Manila Film Festival.[4] He received Best Actor nominations at the FAMAS for his performances in Relasyon (1982), Broken Marriage (1983), God... Save Me! (1985), and Maging Akin Ka Lamang (1987), winning one for his portrayal of an abusive husband in the romantic drama Kapag Napagod ang Puso (1988).[5] De Leon won Best Actor at the Luna Awards for two consecutive years for his starring roles in the thriller Biktima (1990) and Ipagpatawad Mo (1991). His performances in Gumapang Ka sa Lusak (1990) and Gaano Kita Kamahal (1993) also earned him Movie Actor of the Year wins at the Star Awards for Movies.[6][7] In 1996, De Leon starred in the family drama Madrasta opposite Sharon Cuneta. It became Star Cinema's highest grossing film at that point, earning over ₱70 million during its first 10-day run at the box office.[8] In 1999, he played a crime syndicate leader in the thriller drama Bulaklak ng Maynila, winning Best Actor at the Metro Manila Film Festival and Luna Awards.[4][9]

De Leon also ventured hosting and presented the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (2000). In 2003, De Leon starred in the romantic comedy Pangarap Ko Ang Ibigin Ka opposite Regine Velasquez. The film competed at the Manila Tagalog Film Festival and became the highest-grossing film among six other entries at the film festival.[10] Further critical acclaim followed with his starring roles in Mano Po III: My Love (2004) and Magkaibigan (2008), winning Best Actor trophies at the Metro Manila Film Festival.[11][12] In 2011, he played a senior figure in the family drama Sa 'Yo Lamang. De Leon also played notable supporting roles in When Love Begins (2011), El Presidente (2012), Across the Crescent Moon (2017) and On the Job 2: The Missing 8 (2023).

On stage, De Leon has been involved in four musical productions. He began performing in the early 1970s, portraying Jesus in the rock musical Godspell. It was followed by starring roles in They're Playing Our Song (1981) and Alitaptap sa Gabing Mailap (1985). In 2013, he produced the rock musical Lorenzo.[13] On television, De Leon has since played major roles in soap operas as early as the 2000s. He was cast in a number of dramatic roles in Ang Iibigin ay Ikaw (2002), Hanggang Kailan (2004), Kahit Isang Saglit (2008), Ikaw Lamang (2014), Beautiful Strangers (2015), Sana Dalawa ang Puso (2018), Love Thy Woman (2020), Lolong (2022) and Batang Quiapo (2023). De Leon's directorial projects include Halimaw sa Banga (1986), Huwag Mong Salingin ang Sugat Ko (1991) and When I Met You in Tokyo (2023), as well as episodes from drama anthologies.

Film

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Key
† Denotes films that have not yet been released

1970s

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Christopher de Leon's film credits with year of release, film titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1974 Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang Junior [14]
1975 Banaue: Stairway to the Sky Sadek [15]
Hello... Goodnight... Goodbye Episode 2 ("Goodnight") [16]
Kahit ang Mundo'y Magunaw [17]
Batu-Bato sa Langit Cris Buenaventura Executive Producer [18]
1976 Ang Katumbas Ay Buhay Mario [19]
Hide and Seek [20]
Relax Lang, Mama ... Sagot Kita [21]
Ganito Kami Noon... Paano Kayo Ngayon? Nicolas "Kulas" Ocampo [22]
Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos Masugi Executive Producer [23]
1977 Si Boyet, Si Hilda atbp. Himself Documentary [24]
Tisoy! Executive Producer [25]
Masikip, Maluwang... Paraisong Parisukat [26]
Masarap, Masakit ang Umibig Alonzo [27]
Kung Mangarap Ka't Magising Joey [28]
My Brother, My Wife [29]
1978 Nakawin Natin Ang Bawat Sandali Benjamin [30]
Topo-Topo Barega [31]
Mahal Mo, Mahal Ko Chris [32]
Mga Mata ni Angelita Lover [33]
Sapagkat Kami'y Tao Lamang, Part 2 The husband [34]
Kukulog, Kikidlat sa Tanghaling Tapat [35]
Kung Kaya Mo... Kaya Ko Rin Ramon [36]
Lagi Na Lamang Ba Akong Babae? Modesto [37]
Disco Fever [38]
Ikaw Ay Akin Rex Aguilar [39]
Drigo Garrote: Jai Alai King Rodrigo Garrote [40]
1979 Darna, Kuno? Chris Special appearance [41]
Bakit May Pag-ibig Pa? [42]
Magkaribal Eric Guerrero [43]
Sa Putik Ihuhugas ay Dugo [44]
Pinay, American Style Chris [45]
Annie Batungbakal [46]
Isang Milyon At Isang Kasalanan [47]
Ang Alamat ni Julian Makabayan Julian Makabayan [48]
Gusto Kita Mahal Ko Siya [49]
Kasal-kasalan, Bahay-bahayan Abel [50]

1980s

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Christopher de Leon's film credits with year of release, film titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1980 Saan... Sino... Paano??? Himself Documentary [51]
Kasal? Joel [52]
Iwahig Alex Zaragosa [53]
Kakabakaba Ka Ba? Johnny [54]
Taga sa Panahon [55]
Aguila Mari L. Aguila [56]
Sugat sa Ugat Ramon [57]
Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo [58]
1981 Kamakalawa Kauing [59]
Showbiz Scandal [60]
Pakawalan Mo Ako Freddie [61]
I Confess [62]
Dirty Games [63]
Dalaga si Misis, Binata si Mister [64]
Karma Edwin Special appearance [65]
1982 Palipat-lipat, Papalit-palit [66]
Tinimbang ang Langit Joel [67]
Relasyon Emil [68]
Malikot Zen Jamir [69]
Anak Alfred [70]
No Other Love [71]
Sinasamba Kita Jerry [72]
Cain and Abel Ellis [73]
Haplos Al [74]
1983 Love Birds [75]
Paano Ba ang Mangarap? Eric [76]
Broken Marriage Rene [77]
Minsan Pa Nating Hagkan ang Nakaraan Rod [78]
Bad Bananas on the Silver Screen Errol Producer [79]
1984 Kung Mahawi Man ang Ulap Rustan [80]
Akin ang Iyong Katawan Antonio Cuaresma [81]
Sampung Ahas ni Eva [82]
1985 Kapag Puso'y Sinugatan Ramon [83]
Bituing Walang Ningning Nico Escobar [84]
Hindi Nahahati ang Langit Noel [85]
Kay Dali ng Kahapon, Ang Bagal ng Bukas [86]
Beloved Dindo Tuason [87]
Kailan Sasabihing Mahal Kita Jake Abelardo [88]
God... Save Me! Homer [89]
1986 Huwag Mo Kaming Isumpa Francis [90]
Magdusa Ka! Rod [91]
Halimaw sa Banga Director [92]
1987 Ayokong Tumungtong sa Lupa Dodong [93]
Maging Akin Ka Lamang Andy Abrigo [94]
Walang Karugtong ang Nakaraan [95]
1988 Kapag Napagod ang Puso Adrian [96]
Magkano ang Iyong Dangal? Paolo [97]
3 Mukha ng Pag-ibig Olan [98]
1989 Bakit Iisa Lamang ang Puso? [99]
Babangon Ako't Dudurugin Kita Alfred [100]
Imortal Josef Alfonso / Nicholas Alfonso-Lopez / Basil Alonso-Lopez [101]

1990s

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Christopher de Leon's film credits with year of release, film titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1990 Biktima Jing Aureus [102]
My Other Woman Benjo Santiago [103]
Gumapang Ka sa Lusak Levi [104]
Higit na Matimbang ang Dugo [105]
1991 Kislap sa Dilim Nitoy [106]
Makiusap Ka sa Diyos Vince [107]
Ipagpatawad Mo Mike [108]
Huwag Mong Salingin ang Sugat Ko Delfin Director [109]
Dinampot ka Lang sa Putik Edmond [110]
Onyong Majikero Melencio Fernando Special appearance [111]
1992 Hiram na Mukha Dr. Hugo Roldan [112]
Mahal Kita, Walang Iba Alex [113]
Adventures of Gary Leon at Kuting Agno [114]
1993 Sana'y Ikaw na Nga Kevin [115]
Divine Mercy: Sa Buhay ni Sister Faustina Karl [116]
Dahil Mahal Kita: The Dolzura Cortez Story Paolo [117]
Kung Mawawala Ka Pa Tony [118]
Gaano Kita Kamahal Rolly Suclad [119]
1994 Bakit Ngayon Ka Lang? Ramon [113]
Nag-iisang Bituin Phillip Caballero [120]
Vampira Arman [121]
Paano Na? Sa Mundo ni Janet Gaston [122]
1995 Eskapo Eugenio López, Jr. [123]
Sa Ngalan ng Pag-ibig Spanky [124]
1996 Sa Aking Mga Kamay Joven dela Rosa [125]
Kristo Dismas [126]
Wanted: Perfect Mother Dante Zulueta [127]
Madrasta Edward [128]
1997 Hanggang Ngayon Ika'y Minamahal Leonardo Perez [129]
Halik Simon [130]
Nasaan ang Puso Dave [131]
1998 Ama Namin Fr. Rico / Ka Marco [132]
Tumutol Man ang Tadhana [133]
Pahiram Kahit Sandali Andy [134]
Sambahin ang Ngalan Mo Daniel [135][136]
1999 Katawan Carlo [137]
Wansapanataym: The Movie Gary Azurin [138]
Bulaklak ng Maynila Timo [139]
Higit Pa sa Buhay Ko Alex [140]

2000s

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Christopher de Leon's film credits with year of release, film titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
2000 Pedro Penduko: The Return of the Comeback Amang Cameo [141]
Tunay na Mahal Tom [142]
Ika-13 Kapitulo David [143]
Yakapin Mo ang Umaga Charlie [144]
Sugatang Puso Noel [145]
2001 Alas Dose Remo Doce [146]
American Adobo Mike [147]
2002 Dekada '70 Julian Bartolome [148]
Magkapatid Bobby Reyes [149]
2003 Pangarap Ko ang Ibigin Ka Raffy [150]
Mano Po 2: My Home Antonio "Tony" Chan [151]
2004 Mano Po III: My Love Michael Lim [152]
2005 Blue Moon Rod Pineda [153]
2006 Nasaan si Francis? Rocky Producer [154]
Tulay [155]
2007 Faces of Love Don Arcadio [156]
2008 Banal Major Miguel Sagala [157]
When Love Begins Paco Valmonte [158]
Magkaibigan Atoy [159]
2009 Mano Po 6: A Mother's Love Alfonso Uy [160]

2010s

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Christopher de Leon's film credits with year of release, film titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
2010 Sa 'yo Lamang Franco Alvero [161]
2011 Catch Me, I'm in Love President Enrique Rodriguez [162]
2012 Flames of Love [163]
El Presidente Gen. Antonio Luna [164]
2014 Sa Ngalan ng Ama, Ina, at mga Anak Ka Romeo [165]
2015 Tragic Theater Miguel Sanchez Agcaoli [166]
2016 Dukot Manong Johnny [167]
The Escort Gary Montenilla [168]
2017 Across the Crescent Moon Karim Misani [169]
Kamandag ng Droga [170]
Smaller and Smaller Circles Philip Mapa [171]
2018 Kasal Mayor Ernesto Cordero [172]

2020s

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Christopher de Leon's film credits with year of release, film titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
2021 On the Job: The Missing 8 Arnel Pangan [173]
2023 Kahit Maputi na ang Buhok Ko Tomas [174]
Moro Kamad [175]
When I Met You in Tokyo Joey Associate Director [176]

Television

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Key
† Denotes shows that have not yet been aired
Christopher de Leon's television credits with year of release, show titles and roles
Year Title Role Notes Ref(s)
1986 Goin' Bananas Himself [177]
1992 Maalaala Mo Kaya Episode: "Mustang" [178]
1993 Star Drama Presents [179]
1994 Maalaala Mo Kaya Episode: "Tropeo at Medalyon" [180]
1998 Hiwalay kung Hiwalay [181]
2000 Who Wants to be a Millionaire? Host [182]
2001 Maalaala Mo Kaya Episode: "Crib" [183]
2002 Bugso Husband Director [184]
Ang Iibigin ay Ikaw Lemuel Verder [185]
2003 Ang Iibigin ay Ikaw Parin [186]
All Together Now DJ Blue/ Tong [187]
StarStruck Council member [188]
2004 Hanggang Kailan Dado [189]
2005 Now and Forever: Agos Armando [190]
Darna Dr. Zombie [190]
2006 Maalaala Mo Kaya Bong Episode: "Palamig" [191]
Maging Sino Ka Man Don Fidel Madrigal [192]
2007 Maging Sino Ka Man: Ang Pagbabalik [193]
Magpakailanman Antonio Episode: "Sa Aking Muling Pagkabuhay" [194]
Pangarap na Bituin Carlo Gomez [191]
2008 Kahit Isang Saglit Anthony Mondragon [195]
2009 May Bukas Pa Marcelito "Lito" Azarcon Guest appearance [196]
Lovers in Paris George Aranaz [197]
Celebrity Duets: Philippine Edition Himself [182]
Sana Ngayong Pasko Gordon Dionisio [198]
Maalaala Mo Kaya Sarhento Episode: "Medal for Valor"

Episode Director

[199]
Enrique Episode: "Diary"
2010 SRO Cinemaserye: Meet The Fathers Father Alejandro [200]
Panday Kids Guro [201]
Ilumina Frederico Salcedo [202]
Jillian: Namamasko Po Dante Molina [203]
Maalaala Mo Kaya Buloy Episode: "Gitara" [191]
2011 Bantatay Bartolome Sison [204]
Captain Barbell Nero [205]
100 Days to Heaven Ronaldo Quinio [206]
Sa Ngalan ng Ina Jose "Pepe" Ilustre [195]
2012 Dahil sa Pag-Ibig Leo Valderama [207]
Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo Manny Raymundo [208]
Luna Blanca Luis Buenaluz [209]
Pahiram ng Sandali Phillip Reyes [210]
Maalaala Mo Kaya Toto Episode: "School Uniform" [211]
2013 Kidlat Vincent Megaton Sr. [212]
Misibis Bay Anthony Cadiz [213]
Muling Buksan ang Puso Anton "El Patron" Silvestre / Anton Cabigas [214]
2014 Magpakailanman Tatay Julian Episode: "Pabrika ng Bata" [215]
The Legal Wife Javier Santiago, Sr. [191]
Ikaw Lamang Franco Hidalgo [216]
2015 Beautiful Strangers Ronaldo Castillo [217]
Magpakailanman Adult Jesus Episode: "Ama Namin: The Jesus Boy Parungao Story [218]
2016 Little Nanay August "Tisoy" D. Castañeda [219]
FPJ's Ang Probinsyano Michael "Mike" Alonzo [220]
Ang Panday Lizardo [221]
Alyas Robin Hood Jose De Jesus, Sr. [222]
Maalaala Mo Kaya Alan Episode: "Alkansya" [223]
Once Again Ricardo Soriano Cameo [224]
2017 Kambal, Karibal Emmanuel De Villa [225]
Maalaala Mo Kaya Lino Episode: "Saklay" [226]
Indong Episode: "Tulay" [227]
2018 Sana Dalawa ang Puso Juancho Laureano [228]
2019 TODA One I Love Enrique Sixto [229]
Maalaala Mo Kaya Edgardo Angara Episode: "Family Portrait" [230]
2020 Love Thy Woman Adam Wong [231]
2021 I Can See You: The Lookout Robert Penuliar Episode: "The Lookout" [232]
Huwag Kang Mangamba Elias Arcilla [233]
On the Job Arnel Pangan Cameo [234]
2022 Lolong Governor Armando Banson [235]
Magpakailanman Fidel Nacion Episode: "Sa Ngalan ng Anak: The Fidel Madrideo Nacion Story" [236]
Tadhana Isaiah Episode: "Babawiin Ko Ang Langit" [237]
2023 Cattleya Killer Joven dela Rosa [238]
Fit Check: Confessions of an Ukay Queen Michael [239]
FPJ's Batang Quiapo Ramon Montenegro [240]

Stage

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Year Title Role Ref.
1970s Godspell Jesus [241]
1981 They're Playing Our Song [242][243]
1985 Alitaptap sa Gabing Mailap Randle McMurphy [244][245]
2013 Lorenzo Producer [246]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ IV, Franz Sorilla (June 11, 2020). "Historical Period Films And Series To Watch This Independence Day 2020 Long Weekend". Tatler Asia. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  2. ^ "Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon". Philippine Film Archive. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  3. ^ Francisco, Butch (May 7, 2002). "Urian Best Actor honor roll". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Cruz, James Patrick (December 27, 2023). "Lookback: Who won the most best actress and actor awards in MMFF?". Rappler. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  5. ^ "More ABS-CBN shows to sign off". The Philippine Star. July 11, 2005. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  6. ^ Torre, Noelani (March 24, 2001). More opportunities for women in the movies. Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. 48.
  7. ^ Starry, Starry Night... Manila Standard. March 15, 1994. p. 58.
  8. ^ Red, Isah V. (September 8, 1996). "Watch Out for Dapulis". Manila Standard. Kamahalan Publishing Corp. p. 32B. Retrieved July 13, 2023. [Madrasta] was [sic] the company's top grosser so far and Cuneta's biggest hit since the thermonuclear flop The Lillian [sic] Velez Story.
  9. ^ Boyet, Elizabeth Win Academy Awards. Philippine Daily Inquirer. April 2, 2000. p. 19.
  10. ^ Pangarap Rules Manila Filmfest. Manila Standard. June 19, 2003. p. 18.
  11. ^ "In the Spotlight: MMFF best actor, best actress winners over the years". Inquirer Entertainment. December 25, 2023. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  12. ^ ""Baler" wins 10 awards, including Best Picture in the 34th MMFF Awards Night". PEP.ph. December 28, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  13. ^ Chuaunsu, Jen (September 9, 2013). "Theater Review: Rock musical Lorenzo shows parallel lives of San Lorenzo Ruiz and OFW on death row". PEP.ph. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  14. ^ Cepeda, Cody (November 1, 2019). "Christopher de Leon marks 63rd birthday". Inquirer Entertainment. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  15. ^ Policarpio, Allan (June 23, 2022). "'Our queen': Ex-husband Christopher, son Ian, daughter Matet on Nora being named National Artist". Inquirer Entertainment. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  16. ^ "Hello, Goodnight, Goodbye (1975)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  17. ^ Tiongson, Nicanor G. (1983). The Urian Anthology, 1970-1979: Selected Essays on Tradition and Innovation in the Filipino Cinema of the 1970s. M.L. Morato. p. 489. ISBN 978-971-10-3000-1.
  18. ^ Si Nora Aunor sa mga Noranian: mga pagunita at pagtatapat [Nora Aunor to the Noranians: The Celebration and Truth] (in Tagalog). Inilathala at ipinamamahagi ng Milflores Pub. 2005. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-971-828-042-3.
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  20. ^ Examiner. L.O. Ty. 1976. p. 34.
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  22. ^ "Ganito Kami Noon... Paano Kayo Ngayon? (1976)". Cultural Center of the Philippines: Encyclopedia of Philippine Art. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
  23. ^ Dy-Zulueta, Dolly (January 19, 2014). "Digitally restored 'Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos,' 'Dekada '70' shown at Vesoul International Film Festival". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  24. ^ "Double Bill: Kung Mangarap Ka't Magising (Moments in a Stolen Dream, 1977) + Si Boyet, Hilda, Atbp (Boyet, Hilda and the Others, 1977)". Asian Film Archive. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  25. ^ "Tisoy!". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  26. ^ Arceo-Dumlao, Tina (July 28, 2021). Himig at Titik: A Tribute to OPM Songwriters. Inquirer Books. p. 159. ISBN 978-971-8935-41-5.
  27. ^ Ruiz, Mariah (March 25, 2021). "Classic Vilma Santos movie 'Masarap, Masakit ang Umibig,' mapapanood sa GTV". GMA Entertainment. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  28. ^ Babao, Cathy (February 13, 2016). "39 years later, Hilda Koronel and Christopher de Leon on 'Kung Mangarap Ka't Magising'–and love". Lifestyle Inquirer. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
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  36. ^ "Gameboys vs Hello Stranger: online chikahan, virtual harutan". PEP.ph. June 26, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
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  46. ^ Review of Women's Studies. University Center for Women's Studies, University of the Philippines. 2000. p. 217.
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  49. ^ "Mano Po, Ate Vi!". The Philippine Star. October 24, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  50. ^ Sibonga, Glen (December 10, 2008). "Christopher de Leon found it difficult to play role inspired by the late Rudy Fernandez". PEP.ph. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
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  53. ^ Gallardo, Ricky (December 11, 2007). Phillip Salvador, Christopher de Leon reunited. The Manila Times. p. 13.
  54. ^ "Kakabakaba Ka Ba?". Festival des 3 Continents. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  55. ^ "Taga sa Panahon (1980)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  56. ^ "Aguila (1980)". Philippine Film Archive. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  57. ^ "FDCP pays tribute to Brocka, Bernal, and Diaz-Abaya with Film Talk and Premiere Screening of "Sugat sa Ugat"". Film Development Council of the Philippines. September 28, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
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  61. ^ "Gabby Eigenmann, "na-frustrate" sa pakikipagtrabaho kina Vilma Santos at Christopher de Leon". PEP.ph. November 1, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  62. ^ "I Confess (1981)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  63. ^ "Dirty Games (1981)". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  64. ^ The National Artists of the Philippines. Cultural Center of the Philippines. 1998. p. 81. ISBN 978-971-27-0782-7.
  65. ^ "Karma". Cinemalaya. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  66. ^ Capino, José B. (January 7, 2020). Martial Law Melodrama: Lino Brocka's Cinema Politics. Univ of California Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-520-31463-4.
  67. ^ Cruz, Marinel (February 16, 2021). "Kuh recalls memorable scenes with Christopher in digitally restored 1982 drama 'Tinimbang ang Langit'". Inquirer Entertainment. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  68. ^ G, Herbie (March 26, 2024). "'Dearly Beloved' stirs the pot on modern families and forgotten ties". Rappler. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
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  72. ^ "Sinasamba Kita". www.fareastfilm.com (in Italian). Retrieved April 4, 2024.
  73. ^ "Cain And Abel". Far East Film Festival (in Italian). Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  74. ^ Mallorca, Hannah (February 20, 2023). "Christopher de Leon hints at having a crush on Vilma Santos in the past: 'Tayo sana noong panahon na iyon'". Inquirer Entertainment. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  75. ^ Tiongson, Nicanor G. (2001). The Urian Anthology, 1980-1989: Film Essays and Reviews. A.P. Tuviera. p. 434.
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