Cladocora caespitosa, commonly known as cushion coral, is a stony coral of the subclass Hexacorallia.[2] This species forms the only true coral reef in the Mediterranean Sea.
| Cladocora caespitosa | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Scleractinia |
| Family: | incertae sedis |
| Genus: | Cladocora |
| Species: | C. caespitosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Cladocora caespitosa (Linnaeus, 1758)
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| Synonyms | |
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The species has been observed to demonstrate rejuvenescence, a unique survival strategy that enables the species to recover after warming events.[3]
Description
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The polyps are a clear maroon colour, around 5 mm in diameter and form cushion-shaped colonies, in symbiosis with Zooxanthella algae. They produce deposits of calcium carbonate which form the calciate structures in which they live. It is the largest stony coral in the Mediterranean, reaching up to 50 cm in diameter. C. caespitosa has an average generation length of about 30 years.[1]
Distribution and habitat
editThis species is endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, where it is attested already in the Upper Pliocene. It is common on rocky seabeds between a few metres and 60 metres in depth. In the marine lagoon of Veliko Jezero, in the marine reserve of Mljet island, Croatia, there is a small coral reef made up of C. caespitosa. It was believed to be the only true coral reef in the Mediterranean.[4] Recent findings in the Adriatic Sea show that Cladocora c. is not the only one reef building specie of the Mediterranean Sea. [5]
Reproduction
editThe colonies grow through budding, but the species spreads through the settlement of plankton-like larva on seabed suited to colonisation.
Threats
editCladocora caespitosa is classified as endangered under the IUCN red list, mostly based on recent mass die-offs caused by heat wave events in the Mediterranean.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c Casado de Amezua, P.; Kersting, D.; Linares, C.L.; Bo, M.; Caroselli, E.; Garrabou, J.; Cerrano, C.; Ozalp, B.; Terrón-Sigler, A.; Betti, F. (2015). "Cladocora caespitosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T133142A75872554. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T133142A75872554.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Cladocora caespitosa". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 Oct 2014.
- ^ Kersting, Diego K.; Linares, Cristina (2019-10-04). "Living evidence of a fossil survival strategy raises hope for warming-affected corals". Science Advances. 5 (10). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax2950. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6785258.
- ^ Kružić, Petar; Požar-Domac, Antonieta (2003). "Banks of the coral Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Adriatic Sea". Coral Reefs. 22 (4): 536. doi:10.1007/s00338-003-0345-y.
- ^ Corriero, Giuseppe; Cataldo, Pierri (2019). "A Mediterranean mesophotic coral reef built by non-symbiotic scleractinians". Scientific Reports. 9 (3601): 18. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40284-4. PMC 6401148.
Bibliography
edit- Trainito, Egidio (2004). Atlante di flora e fauna del Mediterraneo (2004 ed.). Milano: Il Castello. ISBN 978-88-8039-395-5.
- Mojetta A.; Ghisotti A (2003). Flora e Fauna del Mediterraneo. Mondadori. ISBN 978-88-04-38574-5.
- Kružić, Petar; Požar-Domac, Antonieta (2003). "Banks of the coral Cladocora caespitosa (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) in the Adriatic Sea". Coral Reefs. 22 (4): 536. doi:10.1007/s00338-003-0345-y.
- Corriero, Giuseppe; Cataldo, Pierri (2019). "A Mediterranean mesophotic coral reef built by non-symbiotic scleractinians". Scientific Reports. 9 (3601): 18. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40284-4. PMC 6401148.
External links
edit- Photos of Cladocora caespitosa on Sealife Collection