Clappia umbilicata, the umbilicate pebblesnail, was a species of small freshwater snail that had an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.[6] This species is now extinct.[1][2]
| Umbilicate pebblesnail | |
|---|---|
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| Drawing of apertural view of the shell and operculum of Clappia umbilicata | |
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| Drawing of apertural view of the shell of Clappia umbilicata from its type description by Bryant Walker | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Neotaenioglossa |
| Family: | Lithoglyphidae |
| Genus: | Clappia |
| Species: | †C. umbilicata
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| Binomial name | |
| †Clappia umbilicata | |
| Synonyms[1][5] | |
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Distribution
editThis species was endemic to the State of Alabama in the United States.[1] The type locality is the Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama.[3]
The distribution of this species used to include: Coosa River at Duncan's Ripple, The Bar and Higgin's Ferry in Chilton County; and Butting Ram Shoals in Coosa County, Alabama.[4][7]
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Chilton County, Alabama (marked red) where the species was found -
Coosa County, Alabama (marked red) where the species was also found
Description
editThis species was discovered and described under the name Somatogyrus umbilicatus by the American malacologist Bryant Walker in 1904.[3] Walker's type description reads as follows:
Somatogyrus umbilicatus n. sp. Pl. v, fig. 5.
Shell small, globosely depressed, umbilicate, light greenish-yellow, smooth, except for the fine, rather unequal, lines of growth. Spire short, obtusely elevated. Whorls 3½ those of the spire convex and separated by a well-impressed suture; body whorl large, gibbously convex. Aperture sub-circular, rather longer than broad, obtusely angled above and slightly flattened along the basal margin. Columella concave, narrowly reflected; columellar callus, moderately heavy, rounded, reflected over but not concealing the round, deep umbilicus, thin and transparent on the parietal wall. Alt. 3, diam. 3 mm.
Coosa river at Wetumpka, Ala. (type locality), also at Fort Williams Shoals above Farmer, Ala.
This species is remarkable for its depressed, valvata-like form and round, deep umbilicus, which readily differentiates it from all other known species of the genus. It does not appear to be very abundant at Wetumpka, and only a single example was collected at Fort Williams Shoals.
The color of Clappia umbilicata was black.[4] This presumably means that the whole animal including snout, nape, mantle and foot were black.[6] The black color of the mantle was verified by Thompson (1984).[6]
Clappia umbilicata has 56-59 rows of teeth on its radula.[6] Each row has 6-7 central basocones, 6-7 central ectocones, 18-21 lateral teeth, ca. 50 inner marginal teeth and ca. 35 outer marginal teeth.[6]
Ecology
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The natural habitat of this species was rivers.[1] Clappia umbilicata inhabited only the rapidly flowing sections of river shoals.[6] The snail died out because of silting of its habitat after the dam was constructed in 1928.[1] (Also see Jordan Dam and Jordan Lake).
Based on examination of the radula, Thompson (1984)[6] hypothesized that Clappia umbilicata grazed on fine particles of plants, specializing on finer-sized particles than those consumed by snails in the genus Somatogyrus.[6]
References
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This article incorporates public domain text from reference[3][7]
- ^ a b c d e f Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Clappia umbilicata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000: e.T40046A10310990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T40046A10310990.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Clappia umbilicata". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d Walker B. (1904). "New species of Somatogyrus". The Nautilus 17(12): 133-142. page 137. plate 5, figure 5.
- ^ a b c Walker B. (1909). "New Amnicolidae from Alabama". The Nautilus 22(9): 85-90. page 89.
- ^ Kabat A. R. & Hershler R. (1993). "The prosobranch snail family Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): review of classification and supraspecific taxa". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 547: 1-94. page 18. PDF.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Thompson F. G. (1984). "North American freshwater snail genera of the hydrobiid subfamily Lithoglyphinae". Malacologia 25(1): 109-141.
- ^ a b Clench W. J. (1965). "A new species of Clappia from Alabama". The Nautilus 79(1): 33-34. Figure 2.