Clarence Adams (January 4, 1929 – September 17, 1999) was an African-American GI during the Korean War. He was captured on November 29, 1950, when the People's Liberation Army overran his all-black artillery unit's position. Adams was held as a POW until the end of the war. Instead of returning to the United States during Operation Big Switch, Adams was one of 21 American soldiers who chose to settle in the People's Republic of China.[1] As a result of their decision, these 21 Americans were considered defectors.
Clarence Adams | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | January 4, 1929 Memphis, Tennessee |
| Died | September 17, 1999 (aged 70) Memphis, Tennessee |
| Allegiance |  United States (1947–1950; 1966–1999) China (1950–1966; defector) |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1947–1950 (defected) |
| Rank |  Corporal |
Early life
editAdams was born on January 4, 1929, and grew up poor in Memphis, Tennessee.[2] He dropped out of high school and joined the U.S. Army in 1946, at the age of 17.[3]
Korean War
editAfter basic training, Adams became an infantry machine gunner. He was sent to Korea shortly after the war between North and South erupted in June 1950 and was posted to Battery A of the 503rd Artillery Regiment, attached to the 2nd Infantry Division. This was his second tour in Korea, as he had first been posted there in 1948.[2]
After his capture by the Chinese, Adams took classes in communist political theory, and afterwards lectured other prisoners in the camps. Because of this and other collaboration with his captors, his prosecution by the Army was likely upon his repatriation. During the Vietnam War, Adams made propaganda broadcasts for Radio Hanoi from their Chinese office, telling black American soldiers not to fight:
You are supposedly fighting for the freedom of the Vietnamese, but what kind of freedom do you have at home, sitting in the back of the bus, being barred from restaurants, stores and certain neighborhoods, and being denied the right to vote. ... Go home and fight for equality in America.
Adams married a Chinese woman name Liu Lin Feng and lived in China until 1966.[4]
Return to the United States
editAdams returned to the United States from China via Hong Kong on May 26, 1966, citing that he missed his mother.[5] The House Un-American Activities Committee subpoenaed Adams upon his return but did not question him publicly.[6] The charges raised by the committee were dropped.[4]
He later started a Chinese restaurant business in Memphis in 1972. He ran four of them with his wife at one point.[4]
Adams died on September 17, 1999.[7] His autobiography An American Dream: The Life of an African American Soldier and POW Who Spent Twelve Years in Communist China was posthumously published in 2007 by his daughter Della Adams and Lewis H. Carlson.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Adams, Clarence (June 6, 2007). An American Dream: The Life of an African American Soldier and POW Who Spent Twelve Years in Communist China. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1558495951.
- ^ a b Gillam, James (May 2008). "A POW's Return to America".
- ^ Adams, Clarence (2007). An American Dream: The Life of an African American Soldier and POW Who Spent Twelve Years in Communist China. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 978-1558495951.
- ^ a b c https://archive.today/20231003091156/https://www.nknews.org/2023/10/travis-king-wouldnt-be-the-first-soldier-in-korea-to-reject-america-for-racism/
- ^ "Chicago Tribune article May 26th 1966".
- ^ "Defectors: By Mutual Consent". Time. July 15, 1966. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
- ^ Heaver, Stuart (May 27, 2016). "Why an American POW chose Mao's China over home". Post Magazine. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
- ^ Michael Lollar. "The long road home". MCA. Retrieved March 15, 2015.