Corporal Clarence Roland Van Allen (July 28, 1883-November 29, 1964) was a war hero from the 372nd Infantry Regiment, an all Black unit that fought with honor in World War I. For his bravery under fire, he won the Médaille militaire, one of a few Americans to do so.[1]
Clarence Roland Van Allen | |
|---|---|
 Newspaper clipping | |
| Born | July 28, 1883 Boston, Massachusetts |
| Died | November 29, 1964 (age 81) Boston, Massachusetts |
| Buried | Mount Hope Cemetery |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service | 372nd Infantry Regiment fighting as part of the 157th Infantry Division of the French Army, called the "Red Hand Division" |
| Rank | Corporal |
| Unit | 372nd Infantry Regiment |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Cross French Croix de Guerre Médaille Militaire |
372nd Infantry Regiment
editThe U.S. armed forces remained segregated through World War I. Still, many African Americans volunteered to join the Allied cause following America's entry into the war. By the time of the armistice with Germany on November 11, 1918, over 350,000 African Americans had served with the American Expeditionary Force on the Western Front.[2]
One of these all Black units was the 372nd Infantry Regiment which was organized in January 1918 at Camp Stewart, Virginia and initially moved to France in March 1918. The American high command did not know what to do with these segregated units and so allowed the French to integrate them on their Front lines. The 372nd Infantry was seconded, along with the 371st Infantry Regiment, to the 157th Infantry Division of the French Army, called the "Red Hand Division".[3] Under the command of General Mariano Goybet, the division was in need of reinforcements. During the fighting on the Western Front in the Champagne region, this division was in the French IX Corps of the French 4th Army. After fighting in the Champagne–Marne region (28 September-7 October 1918)[4] and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, the regiment moved to the Vosges Mountains area of the front. The regiment returned to the United States in February 1919, and was demobilized 28 February 1919 at Camp Jackson, South Carolina. [5]
Front lines
editWhile under fire Corporal Clarence Van Allen, of the 372nd Infantry, charged a German machine gun nest by himself, killing four of its crew and taking a further three Germans prisoner.[1] For these actions he was awarded the Médaille militaire. An Arizona newspaper, the Phoenix Tribune, wrote that Allen was the first US soldier to receive the award. When he arrived in Boston a large group turned out to honor him.[1]
Bibliography
editNotes
- ^ a b c Phoenix Tribune 1919, p. 1
- ^ Gilmore 2007
- ^ Scott 1919
- ^ United States Army Center of Military History 1938, p. 369
- ^ Rinaldi 2004, p. 98
References
- Gilmore, Gerry J. (February 2, 2007). "African-Americans Continue Tradition of Distinguished Service". United States Army. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
- Phoenix Tribune (July 12, 1919). "Highest Honor France Confers Enlisted Man Goes To Black Soldier". Phoenix Tribune. Phoenix, Arizona: Tribune Pub. Co. p. 4. OCLC 35642959. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
- Rinaldi, Richard A. (2004). The Us Army In World War I: Orders Of Battle. Tiger Lily Publications LLC. ISBN 9780972029643. - Total pages: 244
- Scott, Emmett Jay (1919). Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War. Homewood Press. - Total pages: 511
- United States Army Center of Military History (1938). American armies and battlefields in Europe. Center of Military History, U.S. Army. - Total pages: 547
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