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Cleome ornithopodioides

Cleome ornithopodioides or bird spiderflower is the type species of the genus Cleome which is part of the family Cleomaceae or Brassicaceae. The species epithet means "birds-foot like" (ornithopodi + oides).[1][2]

Cleome ornithopodioides
bird spiderflower
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Cleomaceae
Genus: Cleome
Species:
C. ornithopodioides
Binomial name
Cleome ornithopodioides

Description

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Cleome ornithopodioides is an annual plant growing to a height of .3 m.[3]

Flowers possess both male and female reproductive organs.[3]

Taxonomy

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Illustration 1700

The first samples of bird spiderflower to arrive in Europe came from explorations of the area called the Levant and were successfully cultivated by James Sherard in 1732.[4]

Joseph Pitton de Tournefort named the Claude Aubriet illustration of C. ornithopodioides Sinapistrum Orientale in the 1700 Institutiones rei herbariæ.[5] Being named before the 1753 Species plantarum disqualifies the name from being considered to be a synonym.[6]

When Carl Linnaeus first published this species with its current name in his 1753 Species plantarum[7] he referenced descriptions of Sinapistrum Ornithopodiisiliquis found in Johann Christian Buxbaum's herbarium Plantarum minus cognitarum centuria, that was published posthumously by Johann Georg Gmelin in 1728,[8] Johann Jacob Dillenius's 1732 Hortus Ethamensis.[9] a collection whose list was published in 1907 by George Claridge Druce[10] and also the description he wrote of Cleome ornithopodioides in his own Hortus Cliffortianus from 1737[11] and of Sinapestrum orientale triphyllum from his 1748 Hortus Upsaliensis.[12]

In 1754 when Philip Miller described the genus Sinapistrum in The Gardeners Dictionary, he described the species with English words "Three-leav'd Eastern Sinapistrum, with Birds-foot-pods" and called it by the Latin name Sinapistrum Oriental triphyllum as it had been assigned by Tournefort who had described it before him.[13]

Ecology

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Native to the area of the eastern Mediterranean,[4] C. ornithopodioides was described in 1865 as living in the wild along with Trifolium stellatum in a fertile valley at the foot of Mount Serbal.[14]

Cultivation

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Philip Miller wrote of the ease of cultivation of C. ornithopodioides in his 1754 The Gardeners Dictionary: "...will thrive in open Air; so the Seeds of this may be sown on a Bed of light Earth in April (late Spring), where the Plants are to remain; and will require no other Culture, but to keep them clear from Weeds: in June (early Summer) they will flower, and the Seeds will ripen in August (late Summer); and the Plants will soon after perish."[15]

Notes

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  1. ^ Dictionary of Botanical Epithets, orientalis - ovinus
  2. ^ Errors of speech and of spelling, page 283
  3. ^ a b Plants For A Future, C. ornithopodioides
  4. ^ a b Hortus Kewensis (1812), page 132
  5. ^ Institutiones rei herbariæ (1700), page 17
  6. ^ IAPT, Important dates
  7. ^ Species plantarum (1753), page 672
  8. ^ Plantarum minus cognitarum centuria (1740), page 6
  9. ^ Hortus Ethamensis (1732) p. 359, Tab 266
  10. ^ The Dillenian Herbraria (1907), page 179
  11. ^ Hortus Cliffortianus (1737), page 341
  12. ^ Hortus Upsaliensis (1748) page 194
  13. ^ The Gardeners Dictionary (1754), page 46
  14. ^ Linnean Society (1867), page 215
  15. ^ The Gardeners Dictionary (1754), page 46-47

References

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Taxonomy

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