Clinocottus embryum, the calico sculpin or mossy sculpin, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. It is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
| Clinocottus embryum | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Cottidae |
| Genus: | Clinocottus |
| Species: | C. embryum
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| Binomial name | |
| Clinocottus embryum | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
editClinocottus embryum was first formally described as Oligocottus embryum in 1895 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks with its type locality given as “Several miles east of Neah Bay, Washington”.[2] The calico sculpin is classified within the subgenus Blennicottus which was proposed by Theodore Gill in 1861[3] and is the clade of round headed species within the genus Clinocottus, these species seemingly not being the closest relatives of the two sharp snouted species.[4] The specific name, embryum, means “in moss”, an allusion Jordan and Starks did not explain but may be a reference to this species being found in tidal pools among algae.[5]
Description
editClinocottus embryum has between 8 and 10 spines and 14 and 17 soft rays supporting its dorsal fins and 9 to 12 soft rays in the anal fin. The caudal fin is rounded and the pelvic fins are small.[1] This species has cirri on the head and lateral line only. There is a blunt spine on the preoperculum.[6] The maximum published total length of this species is 7 cm (2.8 in).[1]
Distribution and habitat
editClinocottus embryum is found in the eastern Pacific along the western coast of North America from the Bering Sea coast in Alaska to northern Baja California. This demersal species is found in rocky areas in the middle of the intertidal zone.[1]
Biology
editClinocottus embryer has the ability to breathe air.[1] The most important prey of the calico sculpin is barnacle tentacles, with the remainder of the prey consisting of crustaceans such as amphipods, gammarids and isopods, and insect larvae.[7] This species has been found to be the host of the digenean endoparasites Lecithaster salmonis and Derogenes varicus.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Clinocottus embryum". FishBase. August 2022 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Clinocottus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Oligocottinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ Matthew L. Knope (2013). "Phylogenetics of the marine sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the North American Pacific Coast". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66 (1): 341–349. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.008. PMID 23099148.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
- ^ Eschmeyer, W.N.; E.S. Herald; and H. Hammann (1983). A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 061800212X.
- ^ Bruce S. Miller; Charles A. Simenstad; Jeffrey Nelson Cross; Kurt L. Fresh; S. Nancy Steinfort (1980). Nearshore Fish and Macroinvertebrate Assemblages Along the Strait of Juan de Fuca Including Food Habits of the Common Nearshore Fish Final Report of Three Years' Sampling, 1976-1979 · Volume 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology. p. 188.
- ^ Nicolas Bailly (2008). "Clinocottus embryum (Jordan & Starks, 1895)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 January 2023.