Cluses

Cluses (French pronunciation: [klyz]; Arpitan: Clluses) is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

Cluses
Commune
Cluses seen from the nearby hillside
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Cluses
Cluses Cluses
Coordinates: 46°03′40″N 6°34′46″E
Country	France
Region	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Department	Haute-Savoie
Arrondissement	Bonneville
Canton	Cluses
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Jean-Philippe Mas
Area 1	10.45 km2 (4.03 sq mi)
Population  (2021)	17,164
• Density	1,600/km2 (4,300/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	74081 /74300
Elevation	470–1,175 m (1,542–3,855 ft) (avg. 485 m or 1,591 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Citizens are known as Clusiens. The commune is situated in the Arve Valley, on the river which bears the same name. Cluses is known for its Alpine setting and (during the first part of the 20th century) its watch-making industry.

Geography

The town is located in the Arve Valley, in the region Faucigny. Situated between Geneva and Chamonix, Cluses is located near a number of popular ski slopes.

Population

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 1,609 —     1800 1,823 +1.80% 1806 1,732 −0.85% 1822 1,953 +0.75% 1838 1,970 +0.05% 1848 1,947 −0.12% 1858 1,925 −0.11% 1861 1,585 −6.27% 1866 1,643 +0.72% 1872 1,751 +1.07% 1876 1,813 +0.87% 1881 1,915 +1.10% 1886 1,915 +0.00% 1891 2,126 +2.11% 1896 2,403 +2.48% 1901 2,208 −1.68% 1906 2,141 −0.61%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1911 2,155 +0.13% 1921 2,216 +0.28% 1926 2,408 +1.68% 1931 2,644 +1.89% 1936 3,095 +3.20% 1946 3,416 +0.99% 1954 5,318 +5.69% 1962 8,612 +6.21% 1968 12,455 +6.34% 1975 14,826 +2.52% 1982 15,469 +0.61% 1990 16,358 +0.70% 1999 17,711 +0.89% 2007 17,880 +0.12% 2012 17,525 −0.40% 2017 17,059 −0.54%
Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017)

History

During the Roman era, a bridge, Pont Vieux was built across the Arve River. Travelers crossing the bridge soon stimulated trade in the area, and the first village was born at the center of the "cluse" (a narrow valley), situated between the mountains and the Arve River. Cluses became an independent commune on 4 May 1310. The Baron Hughes of Faucigny had an important role in the town's evolution as an independent commune.

In 1720, Claude-Joseph Balladoud introduced clockmaking in the Arve Valley, previously a farming community. Soon, family-owned workrooms and cottage industries emerged, supplying the main clock-making centres of Geneva. In 1848, the "École Royale d'Horlogerie" (Royal school of clockmaking) was created, and precision clock manufacturing in the Arve Valley soon became a mainstay of the town.

On 20 June 1844 all of the town's wooden chalet-style buildings were destroyed in a fire. The town was rebuilt with new architecture in the style of Turin, Italy (which was the capital of Sardinia-Savoy at the time). This style is still represented in Cluses today, making the city particularly noteworthy in the region Haute-Savoie.

Economy and commerce

At the beginning of the 20th century, farming was still the most important commercial actitivity in Cluses, but eventually the watch and clock-making industries emerged as the dominant trade, and Cluses' reputation in the field soon attracted other precision manufacturing industries. For many years Cluses served as the location of the factory and headquarters of the famous Mitchell Reel company, who in 1948 introduced the world's first modern spinning reel for sportfishing. In 1984, after building nearly 25 million fishing reels, low-cost labor competition from Asia forced the company to manufacture its products outside France. The company still exists however, and its corporate headquarters are now located in the nearby community of Marignier, France.

Today, Cluses is a favorite tourist and winter sports destination. Watchmaking now accounts for only a small part of Cluses' industry, though the town continues to serve as a high-tech centre for precision engineering and design of advanced technical products. Somfy S.A., a manufacturer of controls and motors for awnings, roller shutters, window coverings, and projection screens, is the largest company still located in the city.

Transport

The commune has a railway station, Cluses, on the La Roche-sur-Foron–Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet line.

Culture

• The Faucigny Music Festival, held to commemorate François Curt, founder of the Music Federation of Faucigny, takes place among the 14 towns of the Arve Valley on the last Sunday of every June. Each year, a different town hosts the festival: Cluses last hosted the event in June 2000.
• Each year, Cluses also holds a modern folk rock and rock music festival called "Musiques en Stock", a free event with many well-known artists and performers.

Monuments

• The "Pont Vieux" is an historic bridge on the Arve. It was the only bridge over the river for many centuries.
• The National School of Clockmaking, a historic monument, is now a secondary school (Lycée Charles Poncet)

Districts

Sardagne, Centre-ville (downtown), Messy, the Ewües I and II, the Noiret, Marzan, Ponthior, Curzeilles, St Vincent, and Saint Nicolas.

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Cluses is twinned with:

• Beaverton, United States
• Trossingen, Germany

See also

• Communes of the Haute-Savoie department

External links

• Cluses official website
• Gazetteer Entry for Cluses