Coastal Konjo language

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Coastal Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken along the coast in the southeastern corner of South Sulawesi in the regencies of Sinjai, Bulukumba and Bantaeng.[2][3] It is closely related to, but distinct from Highland Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.

Coastal Konjo
Konjo Ilau’, Konjo Bulukkumba
Native toIndonesia
RegionSouth Sulawesi
Native speakers
170,000 (2010 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3kjc
Glottologcoas1295
Coordinates: 5°25′0.00″S 120°18′0.01″E / 5.4166667°S 120.3000028°E / -5.4166667; 120.3000028

Phonology

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The following sound inventory is based on Friberg & Friberg (1991).[4]

Vowels[4]
Front Back
High i u
Mid e o
Low a

The vowel /a/ is realized as [ə] before geminate nasals.

Consonants[4]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t t͡ʃ k ʔ
voiced b d d͡ʒ ɡ
Fricative s h
Semivowel j w
Lateral l
Trill r

Only [ŋ] and [ʔ] can appear in final position. Words with underlying final /s/, /l/ or /r/ add an echo vowel, e.g. /nipis/ ['nipisi] 'thin'.

Grammar

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Personal pronouns in Coastal Konjo have one independent form, and three bound forms.[5]

Personal pronouns
free ergative absolutive possessive
1.sg./1.pl.excl. nakke ku- -a -ku
1.pl.incl./2.honorific gitte ki- -ki -ta
2.familiar kau nu- -ko -mu
3. ia na- -i -na

References

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  1. ^ Coastal Konjo at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)  
  2. ^ Grimes, C. E.; Grimes, B. E. (1987). Languages of South Sulawesi. Pacific Linguistics Series D - No. 78. Canberra: Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-D78. hdl:1885/145413. ISBN 0-85883-352-2.
  3. ^ Friberg, T.; Laskowske, T. V. (1989). "South Sulawesi Languages" (PDF). In Sneddon, J. N. (ed.). Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics Part I. NUSA 31. Jakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya. pp. 1–17.
  4. ^ a b c Friberg, Barbara; Friberg, Timothy (1991). "Notes on Konjo Phonology" (PDF). In Sneddon, James N. (ed.). Studies in Sulawesi Linguistics, Part II. NUSA 33. Jakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya. pp. 71–115.
  5. ^ Friberg, Barbara (1996). "Konjo's Peripatetic Person Markers" (PDF). In Steinhauer, Hein (ed.). Papers in Austronesian Linguistics No. 3. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 137–171.