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This is a list of the coats of arms of various county councils (current and former) in England.
Background
editUnder heraldic law in England, arms are not granted to places as such, but only to the corporate bodies that govern them. Accordingly, although arms and devices were associated with counties from the seventeenth century onward, there were no official grants until the establishment of county councils in 1889.
History
editFirst grants
editThe first grant was made to West Sussex County Council soon after its establishment in 1889. The cost of the grant was defrayed by the Duke of Norfolk, titular head of the College of Arms, who was also first chairman of the county council. Further grants were made over the years, the number greatly increasing after the passing of the Local Government Act 1929 when county councils gained extra powers. Following the Second World War the majority of non-armigerous county councils obtained grants. When Durham County Council received a grant of arms in 1961 (it had previously been using the arms of the Diocese of Durham) only Hampshire County Council was left without an official grant.
Changes in 1965
editChanges to local government in 1965 meant that several arms became obsolete and new arms had to be granted to Greater London, Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely and Huntingdon and Peterborough.
Changes in 1974
editLocal government in England and Wales was completely reorganised in 1974, with all existing county councils abolished. In their place was established a system of metropolitan and non-metropolitan county councils. Some of the non-metropolitan counties were identical or very similar in area to the previous administrative counties, and in their case they could apply for the transfer of the arms of the previous county councils by Order in Council. In some other cases, where substantial alterations were made to the county council's area, the College of Arms granted arms very similar to the previous arms, with a number of changes introduced. In the metropolitan counties, and entirely new non-metropolitan counties such as Avon, Humberside and Cleveland; new arms had to be designed. The arms of two small county councils were transferred to Huntingdon and Rutland district councils.
Changes in 1986
editThe six metropolitan county councils (five of which had arms) and the Greater London Council were abolished in 1986 and their arms became obsolete.
Changes after 1996
editBy 1995 all the remaining non-metropolitan county councils were using official arms, the last being Dorset, to whom the predecessor Dorset County Council's arms were transferred on 24 February of that year.[1] From 1996 a piecemeal reform of local government meant the abolition of a number of county councils. It also recreated Worcestershire county council, who regained the use of the former county council arms. The unitary authority of Herefordshire, a county for ceremonial purposes, also gained the use of the old county council arms. Among the unitary authorities created was East Riding of Yorkshire. However this had a very different area to the pre 1974 East Riding and so was not allowed to take over the old arms. The council did obtain a grant of new arms. Rutland district became a unitary authority and ceremonial county, retaining the coat of arms that had been transferred from the previous county council.
Use of the arms
editThe arms were granted to the councils of the county, and not to the county in general. This means that they can only be used by the council itself, who cannot allow another body or individual the use of their arms. However, many county councils have an additional heraldic badge which they can license organisations associated with the county to use.
The accepted practice is that it is permissible to illustrate the arms of a county council subject to copyright of the illustrator. In this case they should be clearly labelled as the arms of the county council.
Current
editNon-metropolitan county councils
editThere are 25 two-tier county councils remaining in England after a series of reforms.
| Council | Image | Granted |
|---|---|---|
| Cambridgeshire County Council | 
|
Created 1976 |
| Derbyshire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974; Crest and supporters added 1976 |
| Devon County Council | 
|
Transferred 1975 |
| East Sussex County Council | 
|
Created 1975 |
| Essex County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 |
| Gloucestershire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1976 |
| Hampshire County Council | 
|
Created 1992[2] |
| Hertfordshire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 |
| Kent County Council | 
|
Transferred 1975 |
| Lancashire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 |
| Leicestershire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 |
| Lincolnshire County Council | 
|
Created 1977 |
| Norfolk County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974; Supporters added 1992 |
| Nottinghamshire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1977 |
| Oxfordshire County Council | 
|
Created 1976 |
| Staffordshire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1975 |
| Suffolk County Council | 
|
1978 |
| Surrey County Council | 
|
Created 1974 |
| Warwickshire County Council | 
|
Transferred 1975 |
| West Sussex County Council | 
|
Created 1975 |
| Worcestershire County Council (created 1998) | 
|
Transferred 1998 |
Transferred from county council to unitary authorities
edit| Council | Image | Granted | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buckinghamshire Council | The council agreed to apply for a new coat of arms from the College of Arms in November 2021.[3] | County Council, became Unitary in 2020. | |
| Bristol City Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 | District Council, became Unitary in 1996. |
| Cornwall Council | 
|
Transferred 1975 | County Council, became Unitary in 2009. |
| Cumberland Council | 
|
1951[a] | County Council abolished in 1974, revived Unitary in 2023. |
| Dorset Council | 
|
Transferred 2019[4] | County Council, became Unitary in 2019. Crest (granted in 2009) not shown. |
| Durham County Council | 
|
1974 | County Council, became Unitary in 2009. |
| East Riding of Yorkshire Council | 
|
1996 | County Council abolished in 1974, revived Unitary in 1996. |
| Herefordshire Council | 
|
Transferred 1998 | County Council abolished in 1974, revived Unitary in 1998. |
| Isle of Wight Council | 
|
Transferred 1975 | County Council, became Unitary in 1995. |
| Northumberland County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 | County Council, became Unitary in 2009. |
| North Yorkshire Council | 
|
Created 1980[b] | County Council, became Unitary in 2023. |
| Rutland County Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 | District Council, became Unitary in 1997. |
| Shropshire Council | 
|
Transferred 1974 | County Council, became Unitary in 2009. |
| Somerset Council | 
|
Transferred 1974; Crest and supporters added 2003[c] | County Council, became Unitary in 2023. |
| Wiltshire Council | 
|
Transferred 1976 | County Council, became Unitary in 2009. |
Obsolete
editCounty Councils (1889–1974)
edit
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Greater London Council (1965–1986)
edit| Council | Image | Granted |
|---|---|---|
| Greater London Council | 
|
1965 |
Non-Metropolitan County Councils
edit| Council | Image | Granted |
|---|---|---|
| Avon (abolished 1996) | 
|
1976 |
| Bedfordshire (abolished 2009) | 
|
Transferred 1975 |
| Berkshire (abolished 1998) | 
|
New Arms 1974 |
| Cheshire (abolished 2009) | 
|
Transferred 1976 |
| Cleveland (abolished 1996) | 
|
1974 |
| Cumbria (abolished 2023) | 
|
Created 1974 |
| Dorset |
|
Transferred 1995. Crest granted 2009 (not shown)[1] |
| Hereford and Worcester (abolished 1998) | 
|
1978 |
| Humberside (abolished 1996) | 
|
1976 |
| Northamptonshire (abolished 2021) | 
|
Transferred 1975 |
Metropolitan County Councils (1974–1986)
edit| Council | Image | Granted | Article |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greater Manchester | 
|
1974 | Coat of arms of Greater Manchester |
| Merseyside |
|
||
| South Yorkshire | 
|
1978 | |
| Tyne and Wear | No Arms Granted | ||
| West Midlands | 
|
||
| West Yorkshire | 
|
1975 | Coat of arms of West Yorkshire |
See also
editSources
edit- A. C. Fox-Davies, The Book of Public Arms, 1915
- C. W. Scott-Giles, Civic Heraldry of England and Wales, 1953
- G. Briggs, Civic and Corporate Heraldry, 1971
- The Local Authorities (Armorial Bearings) Order 1974
- The Local Authorities (Armorial Bearings) Order 1975
- The Local Authorities (Armorial Bearings) Order 1976
- The Local Authorities (Armorial Bearings) Order 1977
- The Local Authorities (Armorial Bearings) (No. 2) Order 1997[6]
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Civic Functions - Armorial Bearings and Chains of Office of Sovereign Councils, and future requirement for Dorset Council" (PDF). Dorset Shadow Council. 14 January 2019. p. 8. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
- ^ "Hampshire Now - Hampshire history: The Hampshire County Council Coat of Arms". Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2013-07-23.
- ^ "Coat of Arms for Buckinghamshire Council" (PDF). Buckinghamshire Council. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
- ^ "No. 62698". The London Gazette. 28 June 2019. p. 1119.
- ^ "CIVIC HERALDRY OF ENGLAND AND WALES-WARWICKSHIRE".
- ^ "Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 2618". Archived from the original on 2008-01-03. Retrieved 2010-09-25.