Wikipedia

Nottinghamshire

Nottinghamshire (/ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər, -ʃɪər/;[4] abbreviated Notts.) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. The county borders South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The largest settlement is the city of Nottingham (323,632), which is also the county town.

Nottinghamshire
Non-metropolitan and ceremonial county
Statue of Robin Hood in Sherwood Forest, Southwell Minster, and the Council House in Nottingham
Nottinghamshire within England
Nottinghamshire within England
Coordinates: 53°N 1°W / 53°N 1°W / 53; -1
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionEast Midlands
EstablishedAncient
Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (BST)
UK Parliament8 MPs
PoliceNottinghamshire Police
Ceremonial county
Lord LieutenantLady Veronica Pickering
High SheriffNick Rubins (2024/25)
Area2,159 km2 (834 sq mi)
 • Rank27th of 48
Population 
(2022)[1]
1,163,335
 • Rank15th of 48
Density539/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Ethnicity
  • 93% White
  • 3% Asian
  • 2.1% Mixed
  • 1.2% Black
  • 0.7% Other
[2]
Non-metropolitan county
County councilNottinghamshire County Council
ControlConservative
Admin HQCounty Hall, West Bridgford
Area2,085 km2 (805 sq mi)
 • Rank14th of 21
Population 
(2022)[3]
834,822
 • Rank10th of 21
Density400/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2GB-NTT
GSS codeE10000024
ITLTLF15/16
Websitenottinghamshire.gov.uk
Districts

Districts of Nottinghamshire
  Unitary   County council area
Districts
  1. Nottingham
  2. Bassetlaw
  3. Mansfield
  4. Newark and Sherwood
  5. Ashfield
  6. Gedling
  7. Broxtowe
  8. Rushcliffe

The county has an area of 2,160 km2 (830 sq mi) and a population of 1,154,195. The latter is concentrated in the Nottingham built-up area in the south-west, which extends into Derbyshire and has a population of 729,997. The north-east of the county is more rural, and contains the towns of Worksop (44,733) and Newark-on-Trent (27,700). For local government purposes Nottinghamshire comprises a non-metropolitan county, with seven districts, and the Nottingham unitary authority area. The East Midlands Combined County Authority includes Nottinghamshire County Council and Nottingham City Council.

The geography of Nottinghamshire is largely defined by the River Trent, which forms a wide valley which crosses the county from the south-west to the north-east. North of this, in the centre of the county, is Sherwood Forest, the remnant of a large ancient woodland.

History

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Main article: History of Nottinghamshire

Nottinghamshire lies on the Roman Fosse Way, and there are Roman settlements in the county; for example at Mansfield, and forts such as at the Broxtowe Estate in Bilborough. The county was settled by Angles around the 5th century, and became part of the Kingdom, and later Earldom, of Mercia. However, there is evidence of Saxon settlement at the Broxtowe Estate, Oxton, near Nottingham, and Tuxford, east of Sherwood Forest. The name first occurs in 1016, but until 1568, the county was administratively united with Derbyshire, under a single Sheriff. In Norman times, the county developed malting and woollen industries.

King William I the Conqueror in 1066 made Sherwood Forest a Royal Forest for hunting which was frequently visited by the Mercian and later Kings.[5][6][7]

William's 1086 Domesday Book identified certain areas in Nottinghamshire being under the land of King Edward the Confessor these included Mansfield and Sutton in Ashfield, amongst other places including Skegby, Dunham-on-Trent, East Drayton, East Markham, Farnsfield, Warsop, Carburton, Edwinstowe, Carlton-on-Trent, Budby, Perlethorpe and Walesby.[8]

King John's Palace ruin near Kings Clipstone was a royal residence for King John, the area being near to Sherwood Forest. King John's Palace was a place where King William the Lion of Scotland met King Richard I of England to congratulate him on his return from the crusades.[7] King John died at Newark Castle in 1216.[9]

During the Industrial Revolution, the county held much needed minerals such as coal and iron ore, and had constructed some of the first experimental waggonways in the world; an example of this is the Wollaton wagonway of 1603–1616, which transported minerals from bell pitt mining areas at Strelley and Bilborough, this led to canals and railways being constructed in the county, and the lace and cotton industries grew. In the 18th and 19th centuries, mechanised deeper collieries opened, and mining became an important economic sector, though these declined after the 1984–85 miners' strike.

 
Hand-drawn map of Lincolnshire and Notthinghamshire from 1576.

Until 1610, Nottinghamshire was divided into eight Wapentakes. Sometime between 1610 and 1719, they were reduced to six – Newark, Bassetlaw, Thurgarton, Rushcliffe, Broxtowe, and Bingham, some of these names still being used for the modern districts. Oswaldbeck was absorbed in Bassetlaw, of which it forms the North Clay division, and Lythe in Thurgarton.

Nottinghamshire is famous for its involvement with the legend of Robin Hood. This is also the reason for the numbers of tourists who visit places like Sherwood Forest, City of Nottingham, and the surrounding villages in Sherwood Forest. To reinforce the Robin Hood connection, the University of Nottingham in 2010 has begun the Nottingham Caves Survey, with the goal "to increase the tourist potential of these sites". The project "will use a 3D laser scanner to produce a three dimensional record of more than 450 sandstone caves around Nottingham".[10]

Nottinghamshire was mapped first by Christopher Saxton in 1576; the first fully surveyed map of the county was by John Chapman, who produced Chapman's Map of Nottinghamshire in 1774.[11] The map was the earliest printed map at a sufficiently useful scale (one statute mile to one inch) to provide basic information on village layout, and the existence of landscape features such as roads, milestones, tollbars, parkland, and mills.

Nottinghamshire saw a slight change to its overall boundary in the extreme northern part of the county in 1974, when the villages of Blaxton, Finningley and Auckley (part) were merged into the City of Doncaster in South Yorkshire.[dubious – discuss][citation needed]

Physical geography

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Interactive map of Nottinghamshire and city/districts

Nottinghamshire, like Derbyshire, and South Yorkshire, sits on extensive coal measures, up to 900 metres (3,000 feet) thick, and occurring largely in the north of the county. There is an oilfield near Eakring. These are overlaid by sandstones and limestones in the west, and clay in the east.[12] The north of the county is part of the Humberhead Levels lacustrine plain. The centre and south west of the county, around Sherwood Forest, features undulating hills with ancient oak woodland. Principal rivers are the Trent, Idle, Erewash, and Soar. The Trent, fed by the Soar, Erewash, and Idle, composed of many streams from Sherwood Forest, run through wide and flat valleys, merging at Misterton. A point just north of Newtonwood Lane, on the boundary with Derbyshire is the highest point in Nottinghamshire; at 205 metres (673 feet),[13] while Silverhill, a spoil heap left by the former Silverhill colliery, a human-made point often cited as the highest, reaches 204 metres (669 feet). The lowest is Peat Carr, east of Blaxton, at sea level; the Trent is tidal below Cromwell Lock.[14]

Nottinghamshire is sheltered by the Pennines to the west, so receives relatively low rainfall at 641 to 740 millimetres (25 to 29 inches) annually.[15] The average temperature of the county is 8.8–10.1 degrees Celsius (48–50 degrees Fahrenheit).[16] The county receives between 1321 and 1470 hours of sunshine per year.[17]

Green belt

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Main article: Nottingham and Derby Green Belt

Nottinghamshire contains one green belt area, first drawn up from the 1950s. Completely encircling the Nottingham conurbation, it stretches for several miles into the surrounding districts, and extends into Derbyshire.

Politics

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See also: Nottinghamshire local elections

Nottinghamshire, including the city of Nottingham, is represented by eleven members of parliament; nine for the Labour Party, one Conservative and one Reform UK MP.

Following the 2021 County Council election, the Conservative Party make up a majority of councillors. The party gained full control after previously governing in coalition with the Mansfield Independent Forum since the 2017 election. The council was formerly Labour-controlled after the 2013 election. The County Council is currently made up of 34 Conservative councillors, 15 Labour, 10 Ashfield Independents and 7 independents.[18]

Local government is devolved to seven local borough and district councils. Ashfield is controlled by the Ashfield Independents. Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, and Mansfield are Labour-controlled. Newark and Sherwood is controlled by a coalition of Labour, Liberal Democrat and independent councillors. Rushcliffe is Conservative-controlled. Nottingham City Council, which governs the Nottingham unitary authority and is independent of Nottinghamshire County Council, is majority Labour-controlled.

Westminster Parliamentary

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General Election 2024: Nottinghamshire
Labour Conservative Reform Green Lib Dem Others Turnout
201,998 (41.5%)
 2,013 		119,325 (24.5%)
 139,469 		94,331 (19.4%)
 78,409 		30,517 (6.3%)
 20,142 		22,827 (4.7%)
 10,758 		17,559 (3.6%)
 5,682 		486,557
 59,287
Overall number of seats in 2024
Labour Conservative Reform Green Lib Dem Others
9
 6 		1
 7 		1
 1 		0
  		0
  		0
 

Political control

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Nottinghamshire is a non-metropolitan county, governed by Nottinghamshire County Council and seven non-metropolitan district councils. Elections to the county council take place every four years, with the first election taking place in 1973. Following each election, the county council has been controlled by the following parties:[19]

Year Party Details
1973 Labour details
1977 Conservative details
1981 Labour details
1985 Labour details
1989 Labour details
1993 Labour details
1997 Labour details
2001 Labour details
2005 Labour details
2009 Conservative details
2013 Labour details
2017 no overall control details
2021 Conservative details

Economy and industry

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The regional economy was traditionally based on industries such as coal mining in the Leen Valley, and manufacturing. Since the invention of the knitting frame by local William Lee, the county, in particular Nottingham, became synonymous with the lace industry.[20]

In 1998, Nottinghamshire had a gross domestic product (GDP) per-capita of £12,000, and a total GDP of £12,023 million. This is compared to a per-capita GDP of £11,848 for the East Midlands, £12,845 for England, and £12,548 for the United Kingdom. Nottingham had a GDP per-capita of £17,373, North Nottinghamshire £10,176, and South Nottinghamshire £8,448.[21] In October 2005, the United Kingdom had 4.7% unemployment, the East Midlands 4.4%, and the Nottingham commuter belt area 2.4%.[22]

Education

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See also: List of schools in Nottinghamshire

Secondary education

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The county has comprehensive secondary education with 47 state secondary schools, as well as 10 private schools. The City of Nottingham local education authority (LEA) has 18 state schools and six independent schools, not including sixth form colleges.

A total of 9,700 pupils took GCSEs in the Nottinghamshire LEA in 2007. The best results were from the West Bridgford School, closely followed by Rushcliffe Spencer Academy and the Minster School in Southwell. In Nottingham, the best results came from the Trinity Catholic School and the Fernwood School in Wollaton.[23]

At A-level, the highest performing institution was The Becket School, followed by the West Bridgford School. Some of Nottingham city best results tend to come from Nottingham High School, closely followed by the all-female Nottingham High School for Girls, both of which are privately run.

Worksop College is another private school near to Worksop.

Higher education

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The University of Nottingham is a Russell Group university and well-renowned, offering one of the broadest selections of courses in the UK. Nottingham Trent University is one of the most successful post-1992 universities in the UK. Nottingham is home to a campus of the University of Law. All three of these institutions combine to make Nottingham one of England's largest student cities. Nottingham Trent University also has an agricultural college near Southwell, while the University of Nottingham has one at Sutton Bonington.

Culture

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National and County cricket player Harold Larwood

While the overall county is officially in the East Midlands, northern parts of Nottinghamshire are considered to be geographically and culturally southern.[24] Locals may personally refer to places such as Worksop and Bolsover as being in the "north".[25][26]

Nottinghamshire is home to the Sherwood Forest, known for its association with the legend of Robin Hood.[27][28]

Nottinghamshire contains the ancestral home of the poet Lord Byron, Newstead Abbey, which he sold in 1818. It is now owned by Nottingham City Council, and is open to the public. The acclaimed author D. H. Lawrence was from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire. Toton was the birthplace and home of English folk singer-songwriter Anne Briggs, well known for her song Black Waterside. The north of the county is also noteworthy for its connections with the Pilgrim Fathers. William Brewster, for example, came from the village of Scrooby, and was influenced by Richard Clyfton, who preached at Babworth.

Nottinghamshire has international twinning arrangements with the province of Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) in western Poland, and with the province's capital city, Poznań.[29]

In 2002, Crocus nudiflorus (Autumn crocus) was voted by the public as the county flower of Nottinghamshire.[30][31]

Sport

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Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club (NCCC) are a first class county cricket club who play at Trent Bridge in West Bridgford. They won the County Championship in 2010. The most successful football team within Nottinghamshire is Nottingham Forest, a Premier League club that won the 1978 English championship, and followed it up with winning the 1979 and 1980 European Cup titles. Mansfield Town and Notts County are the other professional teams in the country, both in League Two. Other notable sporting teams are the Nottingham Rugby Football Club, and the Nottingham Panthers Ice Hockey Club.


Flag

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The unofficial flag of Nottinghamshire
Main article: Flag of Nottinghamshire

An unofficial flag for Nottinghamshire was created through a design competition organised by BBC Radio Nottingham, and registered with the vexillological charity the Flag Institute in 2011. It consists of a green field, on which is a red cross fimbriated (bordered) with white, on which a white shield containing the green figure of an archer is superimposed.[32]

Media

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Television

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BBC East Midlands is based in Nottingham and broadcasts news around the county; ITV Central also covers regional news in the county. Northern parts of the county such as Worksop and Retford in the Bassetlaw and Mansfield receive a better signals from the Emley Moor TV transmission so the area is covered by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire (West).[33] Ashfield and parts of Newark get better signals from the Belmont TV tranmsitter that broadcast BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire (East). [34]

Radio

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Radio stations for the county are:[35]

BBC Local Radio

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Independent Local Radio

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Community Radio

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Newspapers

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The Nottingham Post is the county's local newspaper.

Districts and boroughs

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See also: List of places in Nottinghamshire and List of settlements in Nottinghamshire by population

Areas

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Administrative area

(post 1974)

Administrative centre

(post 1974)

Main settlements
Ashfield
   Kirkby-in-Ashfield Sutton-in-Ashfield, Annesley, Hucknall
Bassetlaw
   Worksop (also a non-constituent member of the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority) Retford, Askham, Carlton in Lindrick, Harworth, Bircotes, Elmton-with-Cresswell
Broxtowe   Beeston Kimberley, Stapleford, Attenborough, Bramcote, Chilwell
City of Nottingham   Nottingham (County town of Nottinghamshire) Bulwell, Bestwood, Sneinton, Clifton, Aspley, Radford, Basford, Hyson Green, Wollaton
Gedling   Arnold Carlton, Burton Joyce, Colwick, Ravenshead, Gedling, Netherfield
Mansfield   Mansfield Rainworth (part), Forest Town, Mansfield Woodhouse, Warsop
Newark and Sherwood   Newark-on-Trent Southwell, Ollerton, Edwinstowe, Rainworth (part), Farnsfield, Sutton-on-Trent
Rushcliffe   West Bridgford East Leake, Ruddington, Bingham, Cotgrave, Tollerton, Keyworth, Radcliffe-on-Trent

Settlements and features

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The traditional county town, and the largest settlement in the historic and ceremonial county boundaries, is the City of Nottingham. The city is now administratively independent, but towns including Arnold, Carlton, West Bridgford, Beeston, and Stapleford are still within the administrative county, and West Bridgford is where the county council are based.

There are several market towns in the county. Newark-on-Trent is a bridging point of the Fosse Way and River Trent, but is actually an Anglo-Saxon market town with a now ruined castle. Mansfield, the second-largest settlement in the county after Nottingham, sits on the site of a Roman settlement, but grew after the Norman Conquest. Worksop, in the north of the county, is also an Anglo-Saxon market town which grew rapidly in the Industrial Revolution, with the arrival of canals and railways and the discovery of coal. Other market towns include Arnold, Bingham, Hucknall, Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Tuxford, Retford and Sutton-in-Ashfield.

The main railway in the county is the Midland Main Line, which links London to Sheffield via Nottingham. The Robin Hood Line between Nottingham and Worksop serves several villages in the county. The East Coast Main Line from London to Doncaster, Leeds, York, Newcastle upon Tyne, and Scotland serves the eastern Nottinghamshire towns of Newark and Retford.

The M1 motorway runs through the county, connecting Nottingham to London, Leeds, and Leicester by road. The A1 road follows for the most part the path of the Great North Road, although in places it diverges from the historic route where towns have been bypassed. Retford was by-passed in 1961, and Newark-on-Trent was by-passed in 1964, and the A1 now runs between Retford and Worksop past the village of Ranby. Many historic coaching inns can still be seen along the traditional route.

East Midlands Airport is just outside the county in Leicestershire, while Doncaster Sheffield Airport lies within the historic boundaries of Nottinghamshire. These airports serve the county and several of its neighbours. Together, the airports have services to most major European destinations, and East Midlands Airport now also has services to North America and the Caribbean. As well as local bus services throughout the county, Nottingham and its suburbs have a tram system, Nottingham Express Transit.

Nottingham and its surrounding areas form part of the Nottingham Urban Area while Bassetlaw is a non-constituent part of the Sheffield City Region.

Places of interest

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Nottinghamshire Demographics | Age, Ethnicity, Religion, Wellbeing". Varbes. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  3. ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
  4. ^ "Definition of 'Nottinghamshire' – British English pronunciation". www.CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  5. ^ Visit Nottinghamshire, The History of Sherwood web https://www.visit-nottinghamshire.co.uk/explore/sherwood-forest/history-of-sherwood retrieved on 8 April 2023
  6. ^ White, Robert (1875). The Dukery, and Sherwood Forest.
  7. ^ a b Groves, William Horner (1894). The History of Mansfield.
  8. ^ Lady Antonia Fraser, Domesday Book (1992) retrieved on 7 April 2023
  9. ^ Brown, Cornelius (1896). A History of Nottinghamshire.
  10. ^ "Laser to scan Robin Hood's prison under Nottingham city". news.BBC.co.uk. BBC News. 20 April 2010. Archived from the original on 1 November 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  11. ^ Chapman's Map of Nottinghamshire 1774. Nottinghamshire County Council ISBN 0-902751-46-8.
  12. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nottinghamshire § Geology" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 827.
  13. ^ Barnard, John (8 February 2011). "Survey of highest point Nottinghamshire (final)". www.Hill-Bagging.co.uk. Database of British and Irish Hills. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  14. ^ Haran, Brady (25 June 2004). "Experiencing the Highs and Lows". news.BBC.co.uk. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  15. ^ "Annual average rainfall for the United Kingdom". www.MetOffice.com. Met Office. 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
  16. ^ "Annual average temperature for the United Kingdom". www.MetOffice.com. Met Office. 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
  17. ^ "Annual average sunshine for the United Kingdom". www.MetOffice.com. Met Office. 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010.
  18. ^ "Contact a councillor". Nottinghamshire County Council. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  19. ^ "Nottinghamshire local elections". news.BBC.co.uk. BBC News Online. 19 April 2009. Retrieved 25 September 2009.
  20. ^ Sheila A. Mason, BA (Hons), FRSA (2004). "Legacies – Nottingham – Black lead and bleaching – the Nottingham lace industry". www.BBC.co.uk. BBC. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "Regional Trends 26, chapter 14.7" (PDF). www.Statistics.gov.uk. Office for National Statistics. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2003. Retrieved 24 December 2005.
  22. ^ "Labour market statistics for October 2005". www.EastMidlandsObservatory.org.uk. East Midlands Observatory. 2005. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2005.
  23. ^ "These are the best 10 secondary schools in Nottingham and Nottinghamshire". Nottingham Post. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  24. ^ "Story - Rooost". www.rooost.co.uk. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  25. ^ "Lindum celebrates start of construction of new homes in Bolsover". Lindum Group. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
  26. ^ "Alex Bloodfire". Amazon UK. I was born and raised in a little country village called Carlton in Lindrick in a northern town infamously known as Worksop, just off the M1 Motorway, in the United Kingdom.
  27. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sherwood Forest" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 853.
  28. ^ Council, Nottinghamshire County. "Sherwood Forest Country Park". Nottinghamshire County Council. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  29. ^ "Transnational partnerships". www.Nottinghamshire.gov.uk. Nottinghamshire County Council. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017.
  30. ^ Dr. Peter Jarvis The Pelagic Dictionary of Natural History of the British Isles (2020), p. 686, at Google Books
  31. ^ "Autumn Crocus". Plantlife. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  32. ^ "Nottinghamshire". Flag Institute. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
  33. ^ "Full Freeview on the Emley Moor (Kirklees, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. May 2004. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
  34. ^ "Full Freeview on the Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. May 2004. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  35. ^ "Local news and radio". Nottinghamshire County Council. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  36. ^ "Radio Newark". Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  37. ^ "Bowe Radio". Retrieved 1 September 2024.
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