Codinaeopsin

Codinaeopsin
Names
	IUPAC name 5-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-((1R,2R,4aS,6R,8S,8aS)-2-((E)-but-2-en-2-yl)-4a,6,8-trimethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene-1-carbonyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-pyrrol-2(5'H)-one
Identifiers
CAS Number	1055291-88-7;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
PubChem CID	102412273;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID201336113 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C32H40N2O3/c1-7-19(3)26-21(5)14-31(6)13-18(2)12-20(4)28(31)27(26)29(35)24-16-32(37,34-30(24)36)15-22-17-33-25-11-9-8-10-23(22)25/h7-11,14,16-18,20,26-28,33,37H,12-13,15H2,1-6H3,(H,34,36)/b19-7+/t18-,20+,26-,27-,28+,31+,32?/m1/s1 Key: FFIWOIAVVDGNHZ-ZQXRKGDHSA-N;
	SMILES C/C=C(\C)/[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@H](C[C@]2(C=C1C)C)C)C)C(=O)C3=CC(NC3=O)(CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C54)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C32H40N2O3
Molar mass	500.683 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Codinaeopsin is an antimalarial isolated from a fungal isolate found in white yemeri trees (Vochysia guatemalensis) in Costa Rica. It is reported to have bioactivity against Plasmodium falciparum with an IC₅₀ = 2.3 μg/mL (4.7 μM). Pure codinaeopsin was reported to be isolated with a total yield of 18 mg/mL from cultured fungus.^[1] The biosynthesis of codinaeopsin involves a polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid.

Biosynthesis

Formation of linear polyketide

The first step of the biosynthesis of codinaeopsin involves the assembly of the a linear polyketide by use of seven modules and incorporation of six methylmalonyl CoAs and one malonyl CoA by polyketide synthases (type I PKSs).^[1]

Figure 1. Formation of linear polyketide

Formation of tetramic acid (2,4-pyrrolidinone)

L-Tryptophan is introduced by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) module and results in the central heterocyclic tetramic acid (2,4-pyrrolidinone). The formal oxidation-reduction is found to be achieved by a series of tautomeric shifts involving enol and imine intermediates in the ring and consistent by discovery both C-2’ epimers.^[1]

Cyclization of PKS-assembled unit

The PKS unit is hypothesized to cyclize by a Diels-Alder-like addition similar to other natural products such as lovastatin and solanapyrone.^[2]

Figure 2. Formation of tetramic acid and cyclization of PKS unit

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Kontnik, Renee; Clardy, Jon (2008). "Codinaeopsin, an Antimalarial Fungal Polyketide". Org. Lett. 10 (18): 4149–4151. doi:10.1021/ol801726k. PMC 2626159. PMID 18698786.
^ Auclair, Karine; Sutherland, Andrew; Kennedy, Jonathan; Witter, David J.; Van den Heever, Johan P.; Hutchinson, C. Richard; Vederas, John C. (2000). "Lovastatin Nonaketide Synthase Catalyzes an Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reaction of a Substrate Analogue". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 122 (46): 11519–11520. doi:10.1021/ja003216+. ISSN 0002-7863.

[Isolation-1] Kontnik, Renee; Clardy, Jon (2008). "Codinaeopsin, an Antimalarial Fungal Polyketide". Org. Lett. 10 (18): 4149–4151. doi:10.1021/ol801726k. PMC 2626159. PMID 18698786.

[AuclairSutherland2000-2] Auclair, Karine; Sutherland, Andrew; Kennedy, Jonathan; Witter, David J.; Van den Heever, Johan P.; Hutchinson, C. Richard; Vederas, John C. (2000). "Lovastatin Nonaketide Synthase Catalyzes an Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reaction of a Substrate Analogue". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 122 (46): 11519–11520. doi:10.1021/ja003216+. ISSN 0002-7863.

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