Kolaba Fort

Kolaba
Kolaba
Raigad District, Maharashtra
	Kolaba fort from Alibag
	Kolaba
Coordinates	18°38′04″N 72°51′51″E / 18.6344°N 72.8642°E
Height	sea level
Site information
Controlled by	Indian Govt.
Open to; the public	Yes
Condition	Fairly good
Site history
Materials	stone
Garrison information
Occupants	Nil

Kolaba Fort located at Alibag beach is an old fortified maritime base in Alibag, Konkan, India. It is situated in the sea at a distance of 1–2 km from the shores of Alibag, 35 km south of Mumbai, in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. It is a popular tourist destination and a protected monument.^[1]

History

The first mention of Kulaba fort is when it was chosen by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj to be fortified after the whole of South Konkan became free.^{[citation needed]} The work of constructing the fort started in 19 March 1680. In 1662, he strengthened and fortified Kolaba fort to make it one of his chief naval stations.^[2] The command of the fort was given to Darya Sarang and Mainak Bhandari under whom Kolaba Fort became the centre of the Maratha attacks on British ships.^[3] Kolaba Fort was captured by Chatrapati Shivaji.^{[citation needed]}

The fort was completed in June 1681 by Chatrapati Sambhaji Raje after the death (in 1680) of Shivaji.^[4] In 1713, under a treaty with Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, Kolaba along with several other forts was given over to Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre.^[5] He used it as his main base from which to launch raids on British ships. In 17 November 1721, the British, incensed at Angre's activities, joined the Portuguese in an expedition against Kolaba. A Portuguese land force of 6000 and three English ships of the line under Commodore Mathews co-operated but the attempt failed. The British blamed the failure on the "cowardice of the Portuguese". About this time Kolaba is described by Hamilton as a fort built on a rock, a little way from the mainland and at high water an island.^[3] On 4 July 1729, Kanhoji Raje Angre died on the Kolaba Fort. In 1729, many buildings were destroyed due to a major fire incident near the Pinjara Bastion. In 1787, another major fire incident took place in which the Angre Wada was destroyed. In 1842, the British sold the wooden structures in the fort by auction and used the stones for the construction of Alibag water works.^{[citation needed]}

Etymology

The exact origin of the name Kolaba is unclear, but has been suggested to be derived from kolvan or kolbhat, meaning a Koli hamlet, and also from kalabeh, which means a neck of land jutting out into the sea.^[6]

Major features

The average height of the fort walls is 25 feet. It has two main entrances, one on the seaside and the other towards Alibag. An interesting feature of this fort is that it has freshwater wells in its premises even though it is a seaside fort. In the monsoons, the fort can be reached by wading through waist-deep water at low tide. However, at high tide, boats must be used to reach it. In that fort, there are temples. Many tourists come to visit Kolaba Fort. In the fort are houses in which several people stay to take care of that fort. The celebration of Ganesh festival. Many people come to in this festival. The fort should be visited during the low sea tide timings. There is a Dargah of Haji Kamaluddin Shah on the fort. Near the northern wall of the fort lie, two English cannons mounted on wheels. The inscription on the cannon is "Dawson Hardy Field, Low Moor Ironworks, Yorkshire, England".Dawson,Hardy and Field were directors of this major ironworks from c1790 . The Siddhivinayak temple inside the fort was built by Raghoji Angre in 1759.^[3]