The Collegium Nobilium was a Jesuit foundation in Warsaw between 1752 and 1777.[1][2] It was intended to provide an élite education for the sons of Magnates of Poland and Lithuania, and other leading Szlachta families, likely to run the country or represent it abroad. It is sometimes confused with another longer established educational institution with the same name, run by the Piarists order in the capital.[3]
Jezuickie Collegium Nobilium | |
 | |
Other name | Collegium Nobilium |
|---|---|
| Type | Roman Catholic college for boys of the nobility |
| Active | 1752–1777 |
| Founders | Maciej Grabowski, Jan Ciecierski SJ |
Religious affiliation | Roman Catholic (Jesuit) |
| Address | Collegium Nobilium, Market Square, Warsaw New Town, Poland , , |
History
editThe Society of Jesus had an educational presence in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth going back to the 16th-century, at Collegium Hosianum (1568).[4] With the Polish Enlightenment and a changing political environment, the order had seen the urgency of preparing youth for the future and planned a school in the capital since 1737, but did not possess the funds to bring it to fruition. Not until the intervention of Jan Ciecierski SJ (1721–1760) with Maciej Grabowski, Crown Treasurer, did a sufficient legacy become available, with his death in 1750. In 1752 the school opened first in the Winkler building in the Old town with 24 pupils. When the college moved in 1754-5 to bigger premises in the Kotowski Palace, in the New Town, it was able to accommodate an annual roll of 60. Under the skilled management of rector, Karol Wyrwicz SJ, (1760–1777) and the patronage of king Stanisław August Poniatowski, the teaching programme continued four years beyond the suppression of the Society of Jesus, until 1777, when its funding was abruptly diverted and it closed its doors.[2]
Character of the college
edit
Initially staffing was mainly drawn on the Lithuanian province of the order, where the teachers were highly educated. With the shutting down of Jesuit schools across Europe in 1763, Lithuania and Poland benefited from many refugee schoolmasters.[2] There were notably, 26 Frenchmen, of whom four came to the college in Warsaw.[2] Others came from German and Italian lands, and all had a tradition of disciplined learning. They included:
- John Baptist Albertrandi SJ
- François Bessat SJ
- Franciszek Bieńkowski SJ
- Franciszek Bohomolec SJ
- Andrzej Bromirski SJ
- Joseph Courrière SJ
- Franz Katenbring SJ
- Franciszek Kniażewicz SJ
- Stefan Łuskina SJ
- Ignacy Nagurczewski SJ
- Adam Naruszewicz SJ
- Kazimierz Naruszewicz SJ
- Józef Olędzki SJ
- Franciszek Paprocki SJ
- Alexandre Rostand SJ
- Stanisław Szadurski SJ
- Jan Szczepan Wulfers SJ
- Karol Wyrwicz.[2]
The emphasis in Warsaw was to step up a gear from the usual Jesuit programme. French and German were taught by native speakers. Subjects ranged from elocution in various tongues, logic, rhetoric and philosophy to the sciences, history, geography, and extraordinary subjects, such as drawing, architecture and theatre.[2] This amounted to hothousing the students from aristocratic and noble houses such as:[2] the Radziwiłł, Łubieński, Ossoliński, Tyszkiewicz, Chłapowski, Ożarowski, Rzewuski and Ogiński families.
According to the contemporary Jesuit historian, Ludwik Piechnik, writing in 1971:
The changes brought in by Wyrwicz placed his College on a higher path of development – not merely compared to the Theatines' Collegium and the Piarists' Collegium Nobilium, but also superior to the first phase of his own Collegium Nobilium under Ciecerski. The Collegium under Wyrwicz was unexpectedly cut down at the height of its development and almost entirely forgotten.[5][6][2]
Alumni
editAmong its notable alumni were:
- Feliks Łubieński,[6] the justice minister who introduced the Napoleonic Code into the Duchy of Warsaw.
- Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński, a leading figure of the Enlightenment, lexicographer and founder of the Ossolinski Institute in Lwów.[7]
- Ignacy Działyński (1754–1797) military officer, participant in the Warsaw Uprising of 1794.
- Adam Wawrzyniec Rzewuski a poet, politician and Polish ambassador to the Court of Denmark.[8]
- Ignacy Tański (1761 – 1805) an official, playwright, poet, translator and freemason.
References
edit- ^ Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski (2015). "Before and After Suppression: Jesuits and Former Jesuits in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, c. 1750–1795". In Maryks, Robert; Wright, Jonathan (eds.). Jesuit Survival and Restoration, A Global History (1773–1900). Brill. pp. 55–59. ISBN 9789004283879.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Piechnik, Ludwik (1971). Jezuickie Collegium Nobilium w Warszawie (1752-1777) (PDF) (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Instytutu Teologicznego Księży Misjonarzy.
- ^ Sobolewska Strzelczak, Beata (2013). "Początki szkolnictwa pijarskiego. Inspiracje dla współczesnej teorii i praktyki pedagogicznej," (PDF). Perspectiva. Legnickie Studia Teologiczno-Historyczne (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 23. p. 162.
- ^ Symposium 2014: Jesuit Survival and Restoration 1773 – 1814: 200th Anniversary Perspectives from Boston and Macau.
- ^ Translated from the original Polish, Zmiany wprowadzone przez Wyrwicza stawiają jego Collegium Nobilium na wyższym etapie rozwoju – już nie tylko w stosunku do Collegium teatynów i Collegium Nobilium Konarskiego, ale nawet do pierwszego okresu tegoż jezuickiego Collegium Nobilium za rządów Ciecierskiego. Collegium Nobilium Wyrwicza w pełni swojego rozwoju zostało niespodziewanie podcięte i prawie zupełnie zapomniane.
- ^ a b Piechnik, p. 151.
- ^ Stanisław Kosiedowski (2007). "Jak powstawało lwowskie Ossolineum (How Lviv Ossolineum was established)". Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński – szkic biograficzny, Ossolineum 1967 (in Polish). Mój Lwów. Archived from the original (Internet Archive) on 13 October 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "1: Oświecenie". Bibliografia Literatury Polskiej – Nowy Korbut (in Polish). Vol. 6. Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. 1970. pp. 131–133.
Bibliography
edit- Encyklopedia wiedzy o jezuitach na ziemiach Polski i Litwy, 1564–1995, opracował Ludwik Grzebień, Kraków 2004, p. 721. (in Polish)