Wikipedia

Colombian Liberal Party

The Colombian Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano; PLC) is a centre to centre-left political party in Colombia.[9] It was founded as a classical liberal party but later developed a more social-democratic tradition, joining the Socialist International in 1999.[2]

Colombian Liberal Party
Partido Liberal Colombiano
Founded16 July 1848; 176 years ago (1848-07-16)
HeadquartersBogotá, Colombia
Think tankLiberal Thinking Institute
Youth wingONJL
Women's wingNational Organization of Liberals' Women
IdeologyLiberalism (Colombian)[1]
Social liberalism
Social democracy[2]
Political positionCentre[6] to centre-left[7]
International affiliationSocialist International[8]
Regional affiliationCOPPPAL
Colors  Red
SloganPara que vivas mejor
Anthem"Himno del Partido Liberal Colombiano"
"Hymn of Colombian Liberal Party"
Seats in the Chamber of Representatives
32 / 188
Seats in the Senate
14 / 108
Governors
6 / 32
Mayors
181 / 1,102
Party flag
Website
www.partidoliberal.org.co Edit this at Wikidata

The Liberal Party along with the Colombian Conservative Party dominated the Colombian political scene from the end of the 19th century until 2002, in bipartisan political hegemony. The two parties were in direct military conflict between 1948 and 1958, during the civil war period known as La Violencia, after which they established the "National Front", agreeing to rotate power, intercalating for a period of four presidential terms. The election victory of independent candidate Álvaro Uribe in 2002 put an end to dominance of two party politics in Colombia.[10]

Currently, the Liberal Party is the largest party in Congress and supported the left-wing presidency of Gustavo Petro until leaving Petro's coalition on 28 November 2023.[11][12]

History

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The party was founded in 1848 and, in opposition to the Colombian Conservative Party, became one of the two main political forces in the country for over a century. The two parties frequently engaged in armed conflict with one another, precipitating several civil wars.

In the 1940s, the liberal party turned towards socialism under the influence of the charismatic lawyer Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, despite the antipathy it provoked among party members and liberal leaders.[13] In the rural area, Gaitanism faced a bloody repression to which its scrupulous respect for legality did not prepare it: 15,000 militants were murdered between 1945 and 1948 by death squads supposedly close to the conservatives. Gaitán himself, who was a likely winner of the next presidential election, was assassinated in 1948.[14]

After the period known as La Violencia the Liberals and the Conservative Party reached an agreement to share power from 1958 to 1974 in the so-called National Front agreement that followed the fall of General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Nowadays there are many critics of the 16-year agreement but it greatly reduced the intensity of the violent political warfare that preceded it.

Following the end of the National Front agreement in 1974, the Liberal Party dominated Colombian politics until 2002; Liberal candidates won five of the seven Presidential elections and the party was the largest in both the Chamber of Representatives and Senate throughout the entire period.

In the 1994 election the Liberal Party's Ernesto Samper was narrowly elected president. Immediately afterwards he was accused of accepting millions from the Cali Cartel to fund his campaign. While Samper had immunity to prosecution as president, a number of his close associates were convicted of involvement in the so-called Proceso 8000 scandal, including Defence Minister Fernando Botero Zea. Partly due to the scandal the Liberal Party lost seats in the 1998 parliamentary election, although it remained easily the largest party. More seriously, the Liberals were defeated in the presidential election held the same year.

The Liberal Party suffered a major split in the lead-up to the 2002 elections. Horacio Serpa Uribe, the party's unsuccessful 1998 presidential candidate was nominated to run again. However Álvaro Uribe, a former senator and governor from the party launched an independent presidential campaign, backed by the Conservatives and dissident Liberals. Whereas Serpa supported the ongoing idea of negotiations with FARC, Uribe advocated confronting the guerrillas. Uribe was victorious in the elections, securing a majority in the first round. In the aftermath, the "Government endorsed" leadership of the party continued to oppose Uribe's administration, but many senators and representatives supported the government, becoming known as the "Uribist" faction. As a compromise, former president César Gaviria Trujillo was elected party leader in 2005.

At the 2006 legislative election, the Liberals lost around half their seats. While they remained the largest party in the Chamber of Representatives, they finished third in the Senate. Horacio Serpa was again nominated as the Liberal candidate for the subsequent presidential elections of 28 May 2006 and won 11.84% of the popular vote, placing him third, the worst ever result for a Liberal candidate.

During the parliamentary elections of 14 March 2010, the Liberal Party obtained 17 senators and 37 representatives, placing third in both the Chamber of Representatives and Senate. At the 2010 presidential election Liberal candidate Rafael Pardo finished sixth with 4.38% of the vote, worse than Horacio Serpa's 2006 vote. The Liberal Party went on to join the governing coalition of President Juan Manuel Santos, and supported his bid for reelection in the 2014 Colombian presidential election.

For the 2018 Colombian presidential election, the party nominated former Vice President from 1994-1996 Humberto De la Calle.[15] De La Calle was eliminated in the first round, and for the second round declined to endorse either of the candidates, announcing he would cast a blank vote instead.[16]

The party did not run a presidential candidate for the 2022 Colombian presidential election, and instead endorsed the candidacy of Federico Gutiérrez.[17] For the second round, the party endorsed Rodolfo Hernández Suárez.[18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Qué Pasa en el Partido Liberal". 8 February 2000.
  2. ^ a b Lamb, Peter; Docherty, James C. (2006), Historical Dictionary of Socialism (Second ed.), Scarecrow Press, pp. 211, 278, ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1
  3. ^ "Así están las fuerzas de centro derecha en Colombia". 21 September 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Cuál es la posición ideológica de los partidos políticos en Colombia?". 22 August 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Liberalismo: Seriedad o aniquilamiento". 8 February 2020.
  6. ^ [3][4][5]
  7. ^ [5][4]
  8. ^ "Full member parties". Socialist International. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
  9. ^ "Global Elections Round-Up: Last 12 Months". Fitch Solutions. 31 July 2018. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  10. ^ Jornada, La. "Termina el sistema bipartidista en Colombia luego de casi dos siglos - La Jornada". www.jornada.unam.mx.
  11. ^ "Colombia: Petro busca mayorías en el Congreso con liberales". Independent en Español (in Spanish). 23 June 2022.
  12. ^ Staff, The City Paper (28 November 2023). "Colombia's Liberal Party leaves Petro Government coalition". The City Paper Bogotá. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  13. ^ Mora Vélez, Antonio (11 May 1998). "JORGE ELIÉCER GAITAN OPINIÓN". El Tiempo. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  14. ^ "YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2018.
  15. ^ Marcos, Ana (22 May 2018). "Humberto de la Calle, el candidato de la paz". El País.
  16. ^ "Humberto de la Calle anuncia que votará en blanco en la segunda vuelta presidencial". 31 May 2018.
  17. ^ "El Partido Liberal se entrega a Fico Gutiérrez en la campaña por la presidencia de Colombia". 27 April 2022.
  18. ^ "Rodolfo Hernández sigue sumando apoyos de políticos de partidos tradicionales". 3 June 2022.
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