Colossendeidae is a family of sea spiders (class Pycnogonida).[1] This family includes more than 100 species distributed among six genera.[2] These sea spiders inhabit the deep sea mostly but are also found in shallower waters, especially in Antarctic and Arctic waters.[3]
| Colossendeidae Temporal range:
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Pycnogonida |
| Order: | Pantopoda |
| Family: | Colossendeidae Jarzynsky, 1870 |
| Genera | |
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Colossendeis | |
| Diversity | |
| 6 genera | |
Description
editSea spiders in this family can grow to giant sizes as adults, far larger than any other sea spiders. The largest sea spider, Colossendeis colossea, can reach a leg span of 70 cm.[4] Like most sea spiders, species in this family have four pairs of legs, except for three species (Decolopoda australis, D. qasimi, and Pentacolossendeis reticulata) with five leg pairs,[5][6] and one species (Dodecolopoda mawsoni) with six leg pairs.[7][8]
Sea spiders in this family have palps with 9 or 10 articles, with the first two basal segments very short. The ovigers have 10 articles, and each oviger ends in a strong terminal claw.[9] These sea spiders feature compound oviger spines arranged in fields or rows on a well formed strigilis.[10][9] Both palps and ovigers are present in both males and females.[10] The proboscis is long, usually longer than the trunk. The trunk and legs are usually glabrous.[9] The legs are long and have no auxiliary claws, and all legs feature gonopores.[9][10]
Taxonomy
edit- Colossendeis Jarzinsky, 1870 (67 species)
- Colossendeis acuta Stiboy-Risch, 1993
- Colossendeis adelpha Child, 1998
- Colossendeis angusta Sars, 1877
- Colossendeis aperta Turpaeva, 2005
- Colossendeis arcuata A. Milne-Edwards, 1885
- Colossendeis australis Hodgson, 1907
- Colossendeis avida Pushkin, 1970
- Colossendeis belekurovi Pushkin, 1993
- Colossendeis bicincta Schimkewitsch, 1893
- Colossendeis brevirostris Child, 1995
- Colossendeis bruuni Fage, 1956
- Colossendeis clavata Meinert, 1899
- Colossendeis colossea Wilson, 1881
- Colossendeis concedis Child, 1995
- Colossendeis cucurbita Cole, 1909
- Colossendeis curtirostris Stock, 1963
- Colossendeis dalli Child, 1995
- Colossendeis drakei Calman, 1915
- Colossendeis elephantis Child, 1995
- Colossendeis enigmatica Turpaeva, 1974
- Colossendeis ensifer Child, 1995
- Colossendeis fijigrypos Bamber, 2004
- Colossendeis fragilis Pushkin, 1993
- Colossendeis gardineri Carpenter, 1907
- Colossendeis geoffroyi Mane-Garzon, 1944
- Colossendeis gibbosa Mobius, 1902
- Colossendeis glacialis Hodgson, 1907
- Colossendeis gracilis Hoek, 1881
- Colossendeis grassa Pushkin, 1993
- Colossendeis hoeki Gordon, 1944
- Colossendeis insolita Pushkin, 1993
- Colossendeis japonica Hoek, 1898
- Colossendeis korotkevitschi Pushkin, 1984
- Colossendeis kurtchatovi Turpaeva, 1993
- Colossendeis leninensis Pushkin, 1993
- Colossendeis leptorhynchus Hoek, 1881
- Colossendeis longirostris Gordon, 1938
- Colossendeis losinskii Turpaeva, 2002
- Colossendeis macerrima Wilson, 1881
- Colossendeis media Hoek, 1881
- Colossendeis megalonyx Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969
- Colossendeis melancholicus Stock, 1975
- Colossendeis mica Pushkin, 1970
- Colossendeis microsetosa Hilton, 1943
- Colossendeis minor Schimkewitsch, 1893
- Colossendeis minuta Hoek, 1881
- Colossendeis mycterismos Bamber, 2004
- Colossendeis nasuta Hedgpeth, 1949
- Colossendeis notialis Child 1995
- Colossendeis oculifera Stock, 1963
- Colossendeis peloria Child, 1994
- Colossendeis perforata Turpaeva, 1993
- Colossendeis pipetta Stock, 1991
- Colossendeis proboscidea (Sabine)
- Colossendeis robusta Hoek, 1881
- Colossendeis rostrata Turpaeva, 1994
- Colossendeis scoresbii Gordon, 1932
- Colossendeis scotti Calman, 1915
- Colossendeis sinuosa Stock, 1997
- Colossendeis spicula Child, 1994
- Colossendeis stramenti Fry and Hedgpeth, 1969
- Colossendeis subminuta Schimkewitsch, 1893
- Colossendeis tenera Hilton, 1943
- Colossendeis tenuipedis Pushkin, 1993
- Colossendeis tethya Turpaeva, 1974
- Colossendeis tortipalpis Gordon, 1932
- Colossendeis vityazi Turpaeva, 1973
- Colossendeis wilsoni Calman, 1915
- Decolopoda Eights, 1835
- Decolopoda australis Eights, 1835 — Scotia Sea (littoral)
- Decolopoda quasimi Sree, Sreepada & Parulekar, 1993
- Dodecolopoda Calman & Gordon, 1933
- Dodecolopoda mawsoni Calman & Gordon, 1933 — Scotia Sea
- Hedgpethia Turpaeva, 1973 (12 species)
- Pentacolossendeis Hedgpeth, 1943
- Pentacolossendeis reticulata Hedgpeth, 1943
- Rhopalorhynchus
- Rhopalorhynchus cinclus Bamber, 2001 — Bodgaya Southern Rim Reef, Malaysia (on a sponge)
- Rhopalorhynchus claudus Stock, 1975 — Barbados (muddy sand, shell debris, sponge bottom)
- Rhopalorhynchus clavipes Carpenter, 1893 — Torres Strait (between reefs)
- Rhopalorhynchus filipes Stock, 1991 — between Loyalty Islands and New Caledonia, near Chesterfield Island
- Rhopalorhynchus gracillimus Carpenter, 1907 — Maldive Islands (on a black crinoid)
- Rhopalorhynchus kroeyeri Wood-Mason, 1873 — Andaman Islands (on the bottom of filamentous algae)
- Rhopalorhynchus lomani Stock, 1958 — Makassar Strait, Indonesia
- Rhopalorhynchus mortenseni Stock, 1958 — off Jolo, Sulu Archipelago (on sand and corals)
- Rhopalorhynchus pedunculatum Stock, 1957 — Red Sea (shore)
- Rhopalorhynchus sibogae Stock, 1958 — Flores Sea, Indonesia (on mud and sand)
- Rhopalorhynchus tenuissimus Haswell, 1884 — Port Denison, Australia
References
edit- ^ "PycnoBase - Colossendeidae Jarzynsky, 1870". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
- ^ "ITIS - Report: Colossendeidae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ^ Dietz, Lars; Dömel, Jana S.; Leese, Florian; Mahon, Andrew R.; Mayer, Christoph (2019). "Phylogenomics of the longitarsal Colossendeidae: The evolutionary history of an Antarctic sea spider radiation". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 136: 206–214. Bibcode:2019MolPE.136..206D. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.017. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 31002869.
- ^ Gardner, C.E.; Bain, B.A.; Govedich, F.R. (2016). "Revision of Colossendeis colossea Wilson, 1881 (Pycnogonida Family Colossendeidae)". The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
- ^ Jayasree, V.; Sreepada, R. A.; Parulekar, A. H. (1993). "An unusual giant pycnogonid (Pycnogonida-Colossendeidae) Decolopoda qasimi sp. nov. from Antarctic waters". Current Science. 65 (2): 179–181 – via NIO Digital Repository Service.
- ^ Hedgpeth, Joel W. (1947). "The Pycnogonida of the Western North Atlantic and the Caribbean". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 97 (3216): 157–342 [275]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.97-3216.157 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ Calman, William Thomas; Gordon, Isabella (1933-06-01). "A dodecapodous pycnogonid". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 113 (781): 107–115. doi:10.1098/rspb.1933.0034.
- ^ Hedgpeth, Joel W. (1947). "On the evolutionary significance of the Pycnogonida". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 106 (18): 1–53 – via Smithsonian Research Online.
- ^ a b c d Staples, David A. (2007-12-31). "A new species of Colossendeis (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) together with records from Australian and New Zealand waters". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 64: 79–94. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.8.
- ^ a b c Cano-Sánchez, Esperanza; López-González, Pablo J. (2016-12-15). "Basal articulation of the palps and ovigers in Antarctic Colossendeis (Pycnogonida; Colossendeidae)". Helgoland Marine Research. 70 (1): 22. doi:10.1186/s10152-016-0474-7. ISSN 1438-3888.
Sources
edit- PycnoBase: Taxon tree