Wikipedia

Committee for the Defence of Democracy

The Committee for the Defence of Democracy, CDD (Polish: Komitet Obrony Demokracji, KOD) is a Polish-born civic organization and NGO with goals that includes promoting the European values, especially democracy, rule of law, and human rights.[1] It was founded in November 2015 by a group of citizens including Mateusz Kijowski, in anticipation of the Polish constitutional crisis, 2015. The organization declares its independence of any political parties[2] and states that it has no intention to transform into one.[3] It opposed the actions of the government led by the Law and Justice (PiS) party.[4]

Komitet Obrony Demokracji, KOD
AbbreviationKOD
FormationNovember 19, 2015
Legal statusAssociation
HeadquartersWarsaw (Poland), Brussels (International)
Region served
Country-wide, International
AffiliationsKOD International, KOD UK, KOD Polonia USA
WebsiteRuchKOD.pl
A KOD demonstration in Warsaw, on 19 December 2015.
A KOD demonstration in Gdańsk on 19 December 2015.
Roger Waters wearing a T-shirt with the inscription "Konstytucja #KOD" during his concert in Gdańsk on 5 August 2018.

KOD has its Polish headquarters in Warsaw and international office in Brussels[5] (KOD International), with chapters and affiliated associations around Europe, in North America, Asia and Australia.[6]

The organization was awarded the 2016 European Citizens' Prize by the European Parliament for defending fundamental rights and democracy.[7]

Background

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Further information: Polish constitutional crisis, 2015

KOD was formed in opposition to several actions taken by the governing party after Law and Justice won parliament election. In October 2015, Law and Justice (Polish: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS) [4] became the first party in post-communist Polish history to control an absolute majority of the seats in the Polish Parliament. They won the presidential elections with a PiS-backed candidate, Andrzej Duda, just a few months earlier.[8] The primary impetus for the formation of KOD was the Parliament's enactment of a law on 26 November 2015 purporting to invalidate the prior Government's appointment of five judges to the Polish Constitutional Court and the nomination of new PiS-affiliated judges to replace them.[9][10] Since then the organisation has opposed and reacted to any actions taken by the government or President Andrzej Duda which were deemed unlawful, undermining democracy, limiting civil liberties or going against European principles.[11]

 
KOD logo until 2019 (bilingual variant)

Activity

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On 26 November 2015, the members of KOD wrote an open letter entitled "A Letter of the Citizens of the Constitutional State to Andrzej Duda, the President of Poland" asking him to swear in three of the five judges to the Constitutional Court. KOD argued that those three, although not the other two, were duly elected by the previous parliament.[12]

As the disagreements between the governing party and the Constitutional Court continued, KOD called for protests against what it perceives as a breach of the Constitution in violation of democratic norms and the constitutional separation of powers between the legislature, executive branch, and judiciary.[10]

The former leader, Mateusz Kijowski, left the organisation in 2017 after being accused of appropriating 121 thousand złoty.[13]

  • Demonstration, which was estimated by Der Spiegel and Le Monde to include 50,000 demonstrators,[14][15] and at between 17,000 and 20,000 people by the police,[16] took place in front of the headquarters of the Constitutional Court in Warsaw on 12 December 2015. Parallel demonstrations were also held in other major Polish cities, including: Poznań (over 2,000 people), Szczecin (over 2,000 people), Wrocław (approx. 2,000 people), Lublin (500), and Bielsko-Biała (200).
  • On 13 December 2015, over 3,000 people demonstrated in Gdańsk.[citation needed].
  • On 9 January 2016, there were demonstrations on the "Free Media" in 20 cities in Poland.[citation needed]
  • On 23 January 2016, 40 cities and towns in Poland saw protests about "Defense of Your freedom".[citation needed]
  • A demonstration with 70,000 people was held in Warsaw on 27 February; it was called "We, the People".[citation needed]
  • A demonstration under the theme "We are and will remain in Europe" took place on 7 May in Warsaw and was estimated to gather up to 240,000 people by City Hall.[citation needed]

Most of the protests in Poland are accompanied by smaller protests by KOD cells in most European capitals and around the world, notably in Brussels, London, Paris, Berlin and the USA.[17]

In December 2019, the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights and the Committee for the Defence of Democracy organized protests throughout Poland against the Polish judicial disciplinary panel law.[18]

Leadership

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The original leader was Mateusz Kijowski (2015-2017).[2][13] In September 2020, Jakub Karyś [pl] was re-elected as the head of KOD.[19]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "About KOD". Committee for the Defence of Democracy. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  2. ^ a b "About KOD". Committee for the Defence of Democracy. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  3. ^ "Oświadczenie KOD w sprawie partii politycznych - Komitet Obrony Demokracji". Komitet Obrony Demokracji (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  4. ^ a b Orłowski, Maciej (21 November 2015). "Powstał społeczny ruch Komitet Obrony Demokracji. Ma już ponad 20 tys. zwolenników". wyborcza.pl. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  5. ^ "Who is Who - International". Committee for the Defence of Democracy. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  6. ^ "Who is Who - Diaspora". Committee for the Defence of Democracy. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  7. ^ "KOD wins the European Citizens' Prize 2016". New Europeans. 13 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  8. ^ "Poland's Eurosceptics win outright majority in parliament". Reuters. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  9. ^ "Sejm anulował wybór sędziów Trybunału Konstytucyjnego". Newsweek Polska (in Polish). 26 November 2015. Archived from the original on 13 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  10. ^ a b Niemitz, Dorota (16 December 2015). "Tens of thousands march in Warsaw against constitutional coup - World Socialist Web Site". www.wsws.org. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  11. ^ Adekoya, Remi (25 October 2016). "Xenophobic, authoritarian – and generous on welfare: how Poland's right rules". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  12. ^ "Ostry list Komitetu Obrony Demokracji do Prezydenta!". metrocafe.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  13. ^ a b "Kijowski odszedł z KOD, bo chcieli go wyrzucić". Do Rzeczy (in Polish). 27 July 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  14. ^ "50 000 manifestants à Varsovie pour " défendre la démocratie "". Le Monde (in French). 12 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Zehntausende demonstrieren gegen Präsident Duda". Der Spiegel (in German). 12 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  16. ^ Redakcja Radia ZET (19 November 2007). "Policja: Na warszawskiej manifestacji KOD 17-20 tys. osób". Policja: Na warszawskiej manifestacji KOD 17-20 tys. osób - Wiadomości. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  17. ^ "Polonia manifestowała na całym świecie. Protesty KOD w UK, Francji, USA, Australii, Niemczech". Londynek.net (in Polish). 24 January 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2016.
  18. ^ [1] Poland could be forced to leave EU by its judicial reforms, top court says, EU Observer
  19. ^ "KOD wybrał nowego przewodniczącego" [KOD chose a new leader]. Polsat (in Polish). 27 September 2020. Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
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