Ypthima baldus

Common five-ring
	Ypthima baldus newboldi, Thailand
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Ypthima
Species:	Y. baldus
Binomial name
	Ypthima baldus; (Fabricius, 1775)
Synonyms
	Papilio baldus Fabricius, 1775; Ypthima argus Butler, 1866; Ypthima prattii Elwes & Edwards, 1893; Ypthima baldus ishigakina Fruhstorfer, 1908; Ypthima gallienus Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ypthima scota Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ypthima morus Fruhstorfer, 1911; Ypthima satpura Evans, 1924; Ypthima madrasa Evans, 1924; Zephyrus narensis Sugitani, 1932; Ypthima baldus kangeana Kalis, 1933; Ypthima newboldi Distant, 1882; Ypthima marshalli Butler, 1882; Ypthima evanescens Butler, 1881; Ypthima argus var. jezoensis Matsumura, 1919;

Ypthima baldus, the common five-ring,^[1]^[2] is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in Asia.^[1]^[2]

Description

Wet-season form (in India)

Male: Upperside brown, both forewing and hindwing with terminal margins much darker, and generally with more or less distinct subbasal and discal dark bands. Forewing with a large, slightly oblique, oval, bi-pupilled, yellow-ringed black, pre-apical ocellus. Hindwing with two postdiscal, round, uni-pupilled, similar but smaller ocelli, and very often one or two minute tornal ocelli also.

Underside similar to the underside in Y. philomela but the ochraceous-white ground colour paler, tin^{[clarification needed]}-transverse brown strice^{[check spelling]} coarser, the ocelli on the hindwing more distinctly in echelon, two tornal, two median, and two preapical, and on both forewing and hindwing more or less distinctly defined, subbasal, discal and subterminal brown transverse bands.

Female: Differs on the upperside in having the area surrounding or bordering the ocelli on both forewing and hindwing paler, closely irrorated (sprinkled) with brown striae, the discal transverse band generally clearly defined, and very often both the tornal, and at least one of the apical, ocelli distinct. On the underside it is paler than the male, and has the subbasal, discal and subterminal transverse dark bands more clearly defined.^[3]^[4]

Dry-season form (in India)

Males and females: Upperside very similar to the above, paler; in the female often the ground colour ochraceous white, closely irrorated with brown striae; ocelli as in the wet-season form, but those on the hindwing often non-pupilled. Underside also paler than in the wet-season form, the subbasal, discal and subterminal bands on the whole more prominent; ocelli on the hindwing reduced to mere specks.^[3]^[4]

Wingspan of 38–46 mm.

Mating pair and other specimens in Japan
Underside, wet-season form
Underside, dry-season form
Upperside, wet-season form
Upperside, dry-season form

Distribution

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (mainland and Hong Kong), India (sub-Himalayan areas from Chamba to Sikkim; central India and the hills of southern India and the Western Ghats, Assam),^[3] Indonesia (Borneo), Japan, Korean Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, Cambodia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia (Kuril Islands), Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam (north part).

Subspecies

Y. b. selinuntius
Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia

The species may be divided into the following subspecies:

Ypthima baldus baldus (India to Indochina, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and southern Yunnan)
Ypthima baldus hyampeia Fruhstorfer, 1911 (southern Ussuri and Korea)
Ypthima baldus jezoensis Matsumura, 1919 (Kuriles)
Ypthima baldus luoi Huang, 1999 (Yunnan)
Ypthima baldus marshalli Butler, 1882
Ypthima baldus moerus Fruhstorfer, 1911
Ypthima baldus newboldi Distant, 1882 (Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, and Singapore)
Ypthima baldus okurai Okano, 1962 (Taiwan)
Ypthima baldus pasitelides Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Bawean)
Ypthima baldus selinuntius Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Borneo and Natuna Islands)
Ypthima baldus zodina Fruhstorfer, 1911 (Taiwan)

References

^ ^a ^b R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. pp. 180–181. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
^ ^a ^b Savela, Markku. "Ypthima Hübner, 1818 Rings Ringlets". Lepidoptera - Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
^ ^a ^b ^c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. p. 134.
^ ^a ^b Moore, Frederic (1893). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. II. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 58–63.

External links

[Smetacek-1] R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. pp. 180–181. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.

[funet-2] Savela, Markku. "Ypthima Hübner, 1818 Rings Ringlets". Lepidoptera - Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

[bingham-3] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, Charles Thomas (1905). Fauna of British India. Butterflies Vol. 1. p. 134.

[MooreIndica-4] Moore, Frederic (1893). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. II. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 58–63.

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