The Jiaqing Emperor had a total number of 14 consorts, including 2 empresses, 2 imperial noble consorts, 4 consorts and 6 concubines.
Empresses
edit- Empress Xiaoshurui (孝淑睿皇后) of the Hitara clan (喜塔臘氏; 2 October 1760 – 5 March 1797)
- Empress Xiaoherui (孝和睿皇后) of the Niohuru clan (鈕祜祿氏; 20 November 1776 – 23 January 1850)
Imperial noble consorts
edit- Imperial Noble Consort Heyu (和裕皇貴妃) of the Liugiya clan (刘佳氏; 9 January 1761 – 27 April 1834)
- Imperial Noble Consort Gongshun (恭順皇貴妃) of the Niohuru clan (鈕祜祿氏; 28 May 1787 – 23 April 1860)
Consorts
edit1.Consort Shu
editConsort Shu (恕妃 完颜氏; d.1792) was a member of an ancient Wanyan clan.
Father: Hafeng'a (哈丰阿), held a title of master commandant of light chariot (轻车都尉, pinyin: qingcheduwei)[1]
One sister: A primary consort of Prince Zhuangxiang of the First Rank, Mianke (庄襄亲王 绵课 嫡福晋)[2]
Qianlong era
editLady Wanyan entered the residence of Prince Jia of the First Rank in 1786 and was granted a title "Secondary Consort" (侧福晋). Her father became a general of Eight Banners in Shaanxi, later wrote a memorial thanking for the grace of his daughter. She remained childless until her death in 1792.[3]
Legacy
editIn 1797, lady Wanyan was posthumously given a title "Consort Shu" (恕妃, "shu" meaning "forgiving").[4] Her coffin was interred in 1803 at Chang Mausoleum in the Western Qing tombs.[5]
3. Consort Xin
editConcubines
edit1. Concubine Jian
editConcubine Jian (簡嬪 關氏/简嫔 关氏; d. 14 May 1780) was a booi aha of the Han Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner Guan clan. Her personal name wasn't recorded in history
Father: Decheng, a baitangga (拜唐阿)[6]
One younger brother: Aibao (爱保), served as baitangga (拜唐阿)
Qianlong era
editIt is not known when lady Guan married Yongyan, Qianlong Emperor's 15th son as a mistress.[7] On 14 May 1780, she gave birth to Yongyan's first daughter. Unfortunately, Lady Guan died during the labour. Her sole daughter left the world on 24 November 1783.[8]
Legacy
editOn 11 May 1797 (22nd day of the 4th month of the Jiaqing era), lady Guan was posthumously conferred a title "Concubine Jian" (简嫔). According to the poem "Swangoose sees through needs" from 1801, "jian" means "moderate" in Manchu, but "humble" in Chinese. Lady Guan's brother, Aibao, gave thanks to Jiaqing Emperor for the promotion of his sister.[9] Her coffin was temporarily placed in Jinganzhuang Grieving Palace where additional promotional rites were performed. Concubine Jian was interred at the Chang Mausoleum in Western Qing tombs.[10]
Titles
editDuring Qianlong era:
- Lady Guan
- Mistress (格格)
During Jiaqing era:
- Concubine Jian (简嫔) - from 11 May 1797
Issue
editFirst daughter (14 May 1780 – 24 November 1783)
2. Concubine Xun
editConcubine Xun (遜嬪 沈氏; 31 December 1786) was Han Chinese Booi Aha of the Plain Yellow Banner Shen clan. Her personal name wasn't recorded in history.
Father: Yonghe (永和), served as a fellow attendant of the Grand Minister of Internal Affairs (内务府大臣职衔, pinyin: neiwufu dachen zhixian).
Qianlong era
editIt is not known when lady Shen entered the residence of Prince Jia of the First Rank, Yongyan as his mistress. On 31 December 1786, she gave birth to Yongyan's fifth daughter. Lady Shen died after the labour. Her daughter died in June/July 1795.[11]
Legacy
editAfter the coronation of Jiaqing Emperor, Lady Shen was posthumously granted a title "Concubine Xun" (逊嫔; "xun" means "modest").[4] In 1818, Concubine Xun's daughter was given a title "Princess Hui'an of the Second Rank" (慧安和硕公主, "Hui'an" meaning "clever and peaceful").[12] Lady Shen's coffin was temporarily placed in Jinganzhuang Grieving Palace where additional promotional rites were performed. Concubine Xun was interred at the Chang Mausoleum in Western Qing tombs.[13]
Titles
editMistress (格格)
Issue
editPrincess Hui'an of the Second Rank (慧安和碩公主; 31 December 1786 – June/July 1795), fifth daughter
3. Concubine Rong
edit4. Concubine Chun
editConcubine Chun (淳嬪 董佳氏; d. 30 November 1819) was a member of Donggiya clan . Her personal name wasn't recorded in history.
- Father: Changshitai (长时太),[14] served as a military official (署军, pinyin: shujun).
Jiaqing era
editLady Donggiya entered the Forbidden City in 1798 as "Noble Lady Chun" (淳贵人, "chun" means "honest").[15] In May 1801, Noble Lady Chun was promoted to Concubine Chun (淳嫔).[16] She died on 30 November 1819. Concubine Chun remained childless during Jiaqing era.
Titles
edit淳貴人→淳嬪
5. Concubine En
edit6.Concubine An
editConcubine An (安嬪 瓜爾佳氏/安嫔 瓜尔佳氏; 1 March 1785 – 29 July 1837) was a member of a prominent Gūwalgiya clan belonging to the Plain White Banner. Concubine An was incorporated into the Bordered Yellow Banner. Her personal name wasn't recorded in history.
- Father: Anying (安英), served as second class imperial guard (二等侍卫, pinyin: erdeng shiwei) and held a title of first class Xinyong duke (一等信勇公, pinyin: yideng xinyong gong)[6]
- Paternal grandfather: Fuxing (復興), served as a left censor (左都御史，pinyin: zuoduyushi), a secretary in the Ministry of Public Works and a General of Wulisutai (乌里苏台将军, pinyin: wulisutai jiangjun)
Qianlong era
editConcubine An was born on the 1 March 1785.
Jiaqing era
editLady Guwalgiya entered Forbidden City in 1801 after triennial Elegant Women Selection and was given a title "First Class Female Attendant An" (安常在, "an" meaning "peaceful"). Her residence in the Forbidden City was Palace of Earthly Honor (翊坤宫). "Draft History of Qing" mentions that First Class Female Attendant An didn't receive her promotional document.[17] She remained childless during Jiaqing era and was never promoted.
Daoguang era
editIn August 1821, Lady Guwalgiya was promoted to "Dowager Concubine An" (皇考安嫔). She lived together with Concubine Rong and Consort Xin in the Eastern Longevity Palace (寿东宫).[18] Concubine An died on 29 July 1837 at 3 am and was interred in Chang Mausoleum in Western Qing tombs.
Occupation of the Forbidden City by imperial consorts
edit| Year | Imperial consort | Palace | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1795–1797 | Empress Xiaoshurui | Palace of Great Benevolence (景仁宫; Jǐngrén Gōng) | |
| 1795–1801 | Empress Xiaoherui | Palace of Heavenly Grace (承乾宫; Chéngqián Gōng) | |
| 1801–1820 | Palace of Gathering Elegance (储秀宫; Chǔxiù Gōng) | She moved there with the future Daoguang Emperor, who had been adopted by her | |
| 1801–1820 | Imperial Noble Consort Gongshun | Palace of Eternal Longevity (永寿宫; Yǒngshòu Gōng) | She lived under supervision until 1805 |
| 1795–1811 | Consort Zhuang | Palace of Earthly Honour (翊坤宫; Yìkūn Gōng) | She supervised lower ranking imperial consorts since 1801 |
| 1801–1820 | Concubine An | She lived under supervision as first attendant | |
| 1804–1805 | Noble Lady Yun | She lived under supervision | |
| 1798–1820 | Consort Xin | Palace of Prolonging Happiness (延禧宮; Yánxǐ Gōng) | She lived under the supervision as noble lady |
References
edit- ^ 于/Yu, 善浦/Shanpu (2006). "清代帝后的归宿". Forbidden city publishers.
- ^ 《愛新覺羅宗譜‧星源集慶》/"Genealogy of Aisin Gioro clan". p. 77.
- ^ "清實錄‧仁宗睿皇帝實錄"/"The chronicles of Qing. The chronicles of Renzong, Emperor Rui".
- ^ a b Guan, Aibao. 《为追封恕妃、简嫔、逊嫔谢恩事呈文》/ "A memorial giving thanks for the favor to Consort Shu, Concubine Jian and Concubine Xun".
- ^ "清實錄‧仁宗睿皇帝實錄"/"The chronicles of Qing. The chronicles of Renzong, Emperor Rui", book 16.
- ^ a b Cao, Bangzhu. "用效率說話".
- ^ 《爱新觉罗宗谱‧星源集庆》/ "The Genealogy of Aisin Gioro clan.Biographies of notable people". p. 77.
- ^ 《爱新觉罗宗谱‧星源集庆》/ "The Genealogy of Aisin Gioro clan.Biographies of notable people". p. 79.
- ^ Guan, Aibao. 《为追封恕妃、简嫔、逊嫔谢恩事呈文》/ "A memorial giving thanks for the favor to Consort Shu, Concubine Jian and Concubine Xun".
- ^ "清实录‧仁宗睿皇帝实录", book 16.
- ^ 草/Cao, 帮主/Bangzhu. "用效率說話".
- ^ "愛新覺羅宗譜‧星源集慶"/"The Genealogy of Aisin-Gioro clan.Biographies of notable people". p. 79.
- ^ 《清實錄‧仁宗睿皇帝實錄》，卷16。.
- ^ 宋/Song, 夏/Xia, 大川/Dachuan, 连保/Lianbao (2007). "清代园寝制度研究"/"The fate of the descendants of Great Qing". 272: 文物出版社.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "历史档案"/"Historical archives". 历史档案杂志社. 1999. p. 100.
- ^ "Jiaqing Reign|The Palace Museum". en.dpm.org.cn. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
- ^ Zhao, Erxun (1928). "清史稿", "Draft History of Qing".
- ^ 《清实录·道光实录·卷之十一》"The Chronicles of Qing", book 11.