Contortae as a term has appeared in several senses in botanical taxonomy, most conspicuously as follows:
Order Contortae
editOrder Contortae is no longer recognised in botanical taxonomy. After a varied history in the nineteenth century, predominant opinion on the Contortae assigned several families to the order in the mid twentieth century, though never with unanimity. They typically included:[1]
- Apocynaceae (now assigned to the Gentianales)
- Asclepiadaceae (now included in the Apocynaceae)
- Buddlejaceae (now assigned to the Scrophulariales)
- Gentianaceae (now assigned to the Gentianales)
- Loganiaceae (now assigned to the Gentianales)
- Menyanthaceae (now assigned to the Asterales)
- Oleaceae (now assigned to the Lamiales)
By the late twentieth century there were moves to withdraw recognition of the plant order Contortae, and merge it with the order Gentianales or Loganiales (which now is regarded as a synonym of Gentianales). For details of the reassignment of the families to orders, see the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group publication[2]
Other occurrences of the term
editContortae is a section of the genus Oenothera.[3]
Contortae is a section in the family Acanthaceae.[4]
Contortae is a subsection of the genus Pinus.[5]
References
edit- ^ Subhash Chandra Datta (1988). Systematic Botany. New Age International. pp. 396–. ISBN 978-81-224-0013-7.
- ^ An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV THE ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY GROUP. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, Issue 1, May 2016, Pages 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
- ^ Warren L. Wagner, "Systematics of Oenothera Sections Contortae, Eremia, and Ravenia (Onagraceae)," Systematic Botany 30(2), 332-355, (1 April 2005). https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644054223558
- ^ ROBERT W. SCOTLAND. Pollen morphology of Contortae (Acanthaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 111, Issue 4, April 1993, Pages 471–504, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1993.tb01916.x
- ^ Nicholas C.Wheeler, Raymond P.Guries, David M.O'Malley. Biosystematics of the genus Pinus, subsection contortae. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(83)90033-9