Copper(II) phosphate

Copper(II) phosphate
Names
	IUPAC name copper(II) phosphate
	Other names tricopper diphosphate ; tricopper bis(orthophosphate)
Identifiers
CAS Number	7798-23-4 trihydrate ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	77984 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.322
PubChem CID	86469;
UNII	N8NP6FR80R ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00872547 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3Cu.2H3O4P/c;;;21-5(2,3)4/h;;;2(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6 Key: GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H;
	SMILES [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2];
Properties
Chemical formula	Cu3(PO4)2
Molar mass	380.580722 g/mol (anhydrous) ; 434.63 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance	light bluish-green powder (anhydrous) ; blue or olive crystals (trihydrate)
Solubility in water	slightly soluble
Solubility product (Ksp)	1.4×10−37
Solubility	anhydrous: ; soluble in ammonia trihydrate: ; soluble in ammonium hydroxide ; slightly soluble in acetone ; insoluble in ethanol
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic (trihydrate)
Hazards
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)
Related compounds
Other cations	Iron(II) phosphate
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Copper(II) phosphate are inorganic compounds with the formula Cu₃(PO₄)₂. They can be regarded as the cupric salts of phosphoric acid. Anhydrous copper(II) phosphate and a trihydrate are blue solids.

Preparation

Hydrated copper(II) phosphate precipitates upon addition of a solution of alkali metal phosphate to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate.^[4] The anhydrous material can be produced by a high-temperature (1000 °C) reaction between diammonium phosphate and copper(II) oxide.^[5]

2 (NH₄)₂HPO₄ + 3 CuO → Cu₃(PO₄)₂ + 3 H₂O + 4 NH₃

In laboratories, copper phosphate is prepared by the addition of phosphoric acid to an alkali copper salt such as copper hydroxide, or basic copper carbonate.

3 Cu(OH)₂ + 2 H₃PO₄ → 6 H₂O + Cu₃(PO₄)₂

3 Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃ + 4 H₃PO₄ → 2 Cu₃(PO₄)₂ + 3 CO₂ + 9 H₂O

Uses

Copper(II) phosphate has many uses. Due to it being a copper metal salt it can be used as a fungicide, it works by denaturating proteins and enzymes in cells of pathogens. Many other copper salts, such as copper sulfate, are used as fungicides. ^[6]

Another use of copper(II) phosphate is as a fertilizer. Copper is one of the 16 essential elements required for plant growth. Copper(II) phosphate supplies the plant with both phosphorus and copper, which stimulates growth.^[7]

Structure

In terms of structure, copper(II) phosphates are coordination polymers, as is typical for most metal phosphates. The phosphate center is tetrahedral. In the anhydrous material, the copper centers are pentacoordinate. In the monohydrate, the copper adopts 6-, 5-, and 4-coordinate geometries.^[8]

Structure of Cu₃(PO₄)₂(H₂O).

Minerals

It is relatively commonly encountered as the hydrated species Cu₂(PO₄)OH, which is green and occurs naturally as the mineral libethenite. Pseudomalachite, Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄, is the most common Cu phosphate in nature, typical for some oxidation zones of Cu ore deposits.^[9]^[10]

References

^ S., Budavari (1996). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (12th ed.). Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc. p. 447. ISBN 9780911910124. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188. ISBN 978-1138561632.
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Richardson, H. Wayne (2000). "Copper Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_567. ISBN 3527306730.
^ Shoemaker, G. L.; Anderson, J. B.; Kostiner, E. (15 September 1977). "Copper(II) phosphate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 33 (9): 2969–2972. doi:10.1107/S0567740877010012.
^ "Copper Fungicides for Organic and Conventional Disease Management in Vegetables | Cornell Vegetables". www.vegetables.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
^ Javadi, Morteza; Beuerlein, James E.; Arscott, Trevor G. (1991). "Effects of Phosphorus and Copper on Factors Influencing Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthesis, and Grain Yield of Wheat". ISSN 0030-0950. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Effenberger, H. (1985). "Cu3(PO4)2 · H2O: Synthese und Kristallstruktur". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 57 (2): 240–247. Bibcode:1985JSSCh..57..240E. doi:10.1016/S0022-4596(85)80014-1.
^ [https://www.mindat.org/min-3299.html Pseudomalachite on Mindat
^ "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.

External links

Handbook of chemistry and physics http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/

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[1] S., Budavari (1996). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals (12th ed.). Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc. p. 447. ISBN 9780911910124. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

[crc-2] John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–188. ISBN 978-1138561632.

[PGCH-3] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[4] Richardson, H. Wayne (2000). "Copper Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_567. ISBN 3527306730.

[5] Shoemaker, G. L.; Anderson, J. B.; Kostiner, E. (15 September 1977). "Copper(II) phosphate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 33 (9): 2969–2972. doi:10.1107/S0567740877010012.

[6] "Copper Fungicides for Organic and Conventional Disease Management in Vegetables | Cornell Vegetables". www.vegetables.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-28.

[7] Javadi, Morteza; Beuerlein, James E.; Arscott, Trevor G. (1991). "Effects of Phosphorus and Copper on Factors Influencing Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthesis, and Grain Yield of Wheat". ISSN 0030-0950. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[8] Effenberger, H. (1985). "Cu3(PO4)2 · H2O: Synthese und Kristallstruktur". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 57 (2): 240–247. Bibcode:1985JSSCh..57..240E. doi:10.1016/S0022-4596(85)80014-1.

[9] [https://www.mindat.org/min-3299.html Pseudomalachite on Mindat

[IMA-10] "List of Minerals". 21 March 2011.

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Names


IUPAC name copper(II) phosphate
Other names tricopper diphosphate tricopper bis(orthophosphate)
Identifiers
CAS Number	7798-23-4 trihydrate^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	77984^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.322
PubChem CID	86469
UNII	N8NP6FR80R^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00872547
InChI InChI=1S/3Cu.2H3O4P/c;;;21-5(2,3)4/h;;;2(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6 Key: GQDHEYWVLBJKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-H
SMILES [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2]
Properties
Chemical formula	Cu₃(PO₄)₂
Molar mass	380.580722 g/mol (anhydrous) 434.63 g/mol (trihydrate)
Appearance	light bluish-green powder (anhydrous) blue or olive crystals (trihydrate)
Solubility in water	slightly soluble^[1]
Solubility product (K_sp)	1.4×10⁻³⁷^[2]
Solubility	anhydrous: soluble in ammonia trihydrate: soluble in ammonium hydroxide slightly soluble in acetone insoluble in ethanol
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic (trihydrate)
Hazards
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m³ (as Cu)^[3]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 mg/m³ (as Cu)^[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	TWA 100 mg/m³ (as Cu)^[3]
Related compounds
Other cations	Iron(II) phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references