Darryl McCray (born 1953), better known by his tagging name Cornbread, is an American graffiti writer from Philadelphia. He is widely considered the world's first modern graffiti artist.[1][2][3] McCray was raised in Brewerytown, a neighborhood of North Philadelphia. During the late 1960s, he and a group of friends started doing graffiti in Philadelphia, by writing their monikers on walls across the city.[4] Independently to Philadelphia, the graffiti movement was evolving in New York City and blossomed into the modern graffiti movement, which reached its peak in the U.S. in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and then spread to Europe. McCray later worked with the Philadelphia's Anti-Graffiti Network and Mural Arts Program to help combat the spread of graffiti in the city. He is currently a public speaker and a youth advocate.
Cornbread | |
|---|---|
 Cornbread in an interview with Betevé in Barcelona, 2022 | |
| Born | Darryl McCray 1953 (age 70–71) |
| Education | Strawberry Mansion High School |
| Known for | First graffiti writer |
| Notable work | Cornbread Lives |
| Style | Tagging |
| Movement | Graffiti |
| Spouse | Consuela Sanchez |
| Partner | Cynthia Custuss |
Childhood and corrections facility
editBorn in Brewerytown, Philadelphia in 1953, Darryl McCray was primarily raised by his mother and grandparents. In 1965, McCray was sent to a juvenile corrections facility called the Youth Development Center (YDC). While at the YDC, McCray adopted the nickname "Cornbread". McCray complained to the cook of the institution, Mr. Swanson, that he only baked white bread, while McCray preferred his grandmother's cornbread. McCray's constant badgering inspired Mr. Swanson to start calling McCray "Cornbread", a nickname that McCray adopted.
The YDC was full of Philadelphia gang members who would write their names on the walls of the facility. McCray claims he was never part of a gang, but he would write his new nickname, Cornbread, on the walls next to the gang members. McCray claimed to be the first person to tag his own name and not a gang name or symbol.[5]
Tagging in the 1960s and 1970s
editWhen McCray was released from the YDC, he went to Strawberry Mansion Junior High School. There, he developed a crush on a girl named Cynthia Custuss. To win her attention, he wrote "Cornbread Loves Cynthia" all over North Philadelphia. After winning over Cynthia, he continued tagging North Philadelphia.[6]
In 1971, Cornelius Hosey was shot dead in gang warfare, and Philadelphia newspapers incorrectly identified him as Cornbread, the tagger.[citation needed] Cornbread then decided to make a captivating and unusual come back to win over media attention, after they falsely pronounced his death. He decided to 'bomb' the whole Philadelphia Zoo with his tag and finally wrote "Cornbread Lives" on a tame elephant that he had met a few days prior. Due to this, he was arrested and had to serve community service.
The Anti-Graffiti Network and Mural Arts
editIn 1984, Mayor Wilson Goode founded the Anti-Graffiti Network and recruited McCray to help him stop the inner-city youth from tagging. The Anti-Graffiti Network eventually turned into Mural Arts Program, the largest public art program in the United States.
In 2011, a local mural tour in West Philadelphia called Love Letters drew its inspiration from 1967's "Cornbread Loves Cynthia".[7]
Activist and icon
editIn 2007, documentary filmmaker, Sean McKnight, made a film called Cry of the City Part 1: The Legend of Cornbread.[8] The story of Cornbread is also prominently included in the documentary film about the history of graffiti, called Bomb It (2007). In August 2013, McCray was honored at the Graffiti Hall of Fame[9] in East Harlem for his contribution to hip-hop culture.[10]
Personal life
editToday, McCray works as a public speaker and youth advocate. He gives motivational talks about his youth as a tagger, his run-ins with the law, and his struggles with drugs.
In 2021, McCray married Consuela Sanchez, a longtime friend from Philadelphia.
References
edit- ^ "A History of Graffiti - The 60's and 70's". sprayplanet. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ "Fresh Cornbread: the Philadelphia artist who invented graffiti featured in Philadelphia gallery". WHYY. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ WHYY, Peter Crimmins. "Cornbread, the first graffiti artist, shows new work at Philadelphia gallery". The Philadelphia Tribune. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
- ^ CIA, Deal. "History of Graffiti Pt. 1". Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ McCray, Darryl. "Interview in Bomb It". YouTube. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ Haegele, Katie (2001-10-24). "No Rooftop Was Safe". Philadelphia Weekly. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
- ^ "Mural Arts Month". Philadelphia City Paper. 2011-10-10. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
Love Letter Subway Tour ➤ Love Letter is a series of 50 mural valentines in West Philadelphia, many written by neighborhood residents themselves. The project draws its inspiration from 1967's "Cornbread Loves Cynthia," messages that graffiti progenitor Darryl "Cornbread" McCray left along the bus route of his special someone. Love Letter was completed in 2009 as a grand gesture of love to West Philly.
- ^ "Cry of the City Part 1: The Legend of Cornbread". IMDb.
- ^ "The 15 Coolest Places in Harlem Right Now". Complex Networks.
- ^ Weichselbaum, Simone (2013-08-23). "Graffiti legend 'Cornbread' McCray to be feted during weekend 'Graffiti Hall of Fame' event". New York Daily News. Retrieved 4 April 2014.