The Cote First Nation (Western Ojibwa: Ininī-otōškanink, "Man's Elbow")[2][3] is a Saulteaux First Nations band government in Kamsack, Saskatchewan. This Saulteaux reserve is connected to the Keeseekoose First Nation and only a couple of miles from the Key First Nation. Their land is situated just south of the boreal forest in the aspen parkland ecosystem of Canada. The Ojibwe of this region of Saskatchewan and Manitoba were both hunters of the plains bison and hunters of the forests which were more abundant during the 19th century. They also fished the endless lakes and other waterways in the land. They seldom went hungry as a result of the large bison herds. However, by the 1870s, commercial hunting had reduced the bison to near extinction and the Ojibwe of Saskatchewan and Manitoba began to suffer from famine.
 Band symbol | |
| People | Saulteaux |
|---|---|
| Treaty | Treaty 4 |
| Headquarters | Kamsack |
| Province | Saskatchewan |
| Land[1] | |
| Reserve(s) | |
| Land area | 80.882 km2 |
| Population (2019)[1] | |
| On reserve | 1074 |
| Off reserve | 2987 |
| Total population | 4061 |
| Government[1] | |
| Chief | George Cote |
| Tribal Council[1] | |
| Yorkton Tribal Council | |
| Website | |
| cotefirstnation.ca | |
History
editHistorically, the people of Cote have lived in Saskatchewan and neighbouring Manitoba, for at least 250 to 300 years. After the Europeans arrived, it forced many Ojibwe people to retreat towards the west as well as to the north. By the late 19th century the Europeans had made their way into the eastern Saskatchewan region and then commenced to negotiate with Cote leaders. Among them was Chief MīMīY (Gabriel Coté, Mee-may, Pigeon), who signed Treaty 4 on September 15, 1874. A reserve was surveyed in 1877.[4] It established the Cote First Nation and then eventually the Keeseekoose First Nation which was originally a part of the Swan River First Nation of Manitoba, before floods commenced and forced a relocation. It is not known if the Ojibwe people of eastern Saskatchewan participated in the 1885 North-West Rebellion but their land was quite far from the major battle scenes of the conflict. The Cote Ojibweg were probably affiliated with Chief Yellow Quill and also Chief Kinistin during the 19th century.
Reserves
editCote was originally a larger reserve connected to the Keeseekoose First Nation. Today the Cote have one reserve of 8,088 hectares (19,990 acres) and share Treaty Four Reserve Grounds Indian Reserve No. 77 with 33 other Treaty 4 First Nations. The Cote First Nation is a member of the Yorkton Tribal Council whose offices are located in Yorkton.
Membership
editAs of September, 2013 there were 3,616 registered members with 904 members living on-reserve and 2,712 members living off-reserve.[5]
Cote was originally a larger reserve connected to the Keeseekoose First Nation. Today the Cote Reserve covers 8,088 ha (19,990 acres).[6] Together with the Keeseekoose Reserve the area increases to 16,567 ha (40,940 acres). The population of the Cote First Nation is 841 on-Reserve and 2,642 off-Reserve. Total population is 3,483. When including the total population of the Keeseekoose, it increases to 5,726.
Chiefs
editAntoine "Tony" Cote (1935 - July 31, 2019) was "elected Chief of Cote for a period of 8 years" (1970–78)[7] and was responsible for building an arena on the reserve and the inception of the first Saskatchewan Indian Summer Games in 1974,[8] the first all Indian Junior B Hockey Team, first all Indian Oldtimers Hockey Team and in 1980 is recorded as Treasurer of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians.[9] He is the recipient of the Saskatchewan Order of Merit, was inducted into the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame (2011) and was the winner of the Tom Longboat Award for Saskatchewan in 1974.[1] The Saskatchewan First Nations Summer Games were renamed the Tony Cote Summer Games in his honour.[8]
References
edit- ^ "First Nation Detail". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
- ^ Cote, Margaret R. (2011). Nenapohs. University of Regina Press. p. IX. ISBN 978-0-88977-219-9.
- ^ Cote, Lorena Lynn (December 2012). AN ANALYSIS OF THE DISCOURSE FUNCTION OF SAULTEAUX /mi-/ AS EXEMPLIFIED IN A TRADITIONAL COTE FIRST NATION TEACHING TEXT (PDF) (Thesis). University of Regina. p. 7. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
The Saulteaux of south-eastern Saskatchewan and Manitoba signed Treaty #2 on August 21, 1871 and on September 15, 1874 the Saulteaux of southern Saskatchewan signed Treaty #4. The area that the Saulteaux Band (Cote's Indians) first settled in was originally called ininīotōškanink (Man's Elbow), which is presently known as Fort Pelly. Cote First Nation is presently situated 3 miles north of Kamsack along the Assiniboine River. The First Nation now takes its name from the man who signed the treaty, Gabriel Cote, Pakwaci-omīmī (Wild Pigeon).
- ^ "Cote First Nation". Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina. 2006. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
- ^ "AANDC (Cote First Nation 366)". Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
- ^ "Tony Cote". Aboriginal Faces of Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre. n.d. Archived from the original on January 19, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2019.
- ^ a b "'A great visionary': Sask. sporting legend Tony Cote dies aged 84". CBC News. July 31, 2019. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- ^ "Sports Leaders honoured". Saskatchewan Indian. 10 (2–3): 6. February–March 1980.