The Court of Military Honour (German: Ehrenhof) was a drumhead court-martial in Nazi Germany, composed of high-ranking officers of the Wehrmacht, which was formed by a Führer decree (Führererlass) on 2 August 1944.[1]
The court had the express task of identifying and expelling officers of the German Army who, according to the Gestapo,[2] had participated in the 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler. The aim of the decree was to avoid having to bring the leaders of the military resistance to the Nazi regime before a military trial of the Reich Court-Martial (Reichskriegsgericht), in accordance with German military law. Instead, they were brought before a show trial of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof).
Composition
editHitler appointed the following officers to the court (military rank at the time of the decree):[3]
| Portrait | Name (Lifespan) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Members | ||
|
Generalfeldmarschall Wilhelm Keitel (1882–1946) |
Chief of the OKW |
|
Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt (1875–1953) |
OB West; chairman of the court (as the longest serving officer) |
|
Generaloberst Heinz Guderian (1888–1954) |
Chief of General Staff of the OKH |
| General der Infanterie Walther Schroth (1882–1944) |
||
,_Oberst_Karl_Wilhelm_Specht.png)
|
Generalleutnant Karl-Wilhelm Specht (1894–1953) |
|
| Deputies | ||
|
General der Infanterie Karl Kriebel (1888–1961) |
|
|
Generalleutnant Heinrich Kirchheim (1882–1973) |
|
Manner of proceedings
editHitler reserved the right to personally decide on the applications of the Court of Honor. Neither the accused nor the defense attorneys were heard.[2] Between 4 August and 14 September 1944, a total of 55 army officers were expelled from the Wehrmacht and another 29 were dismissed at the suggestion of the Court of Honour.
Their expulsion from the Wehrmacht was the prerequisite for them being handed over to the People's Court for trial and not to the Reich Court-Martial, which was actually responsible.
See also
editBibliography
edit- (in German) Arnim Ramm: Der 20. Juli vor dem Volksgerichtshof. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86573-264-4 (Schriften zur Rechtswissenschaft 80), (Zugleich: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2006).
- (in German) Günter Gribbohm: Das Reichskriegsgericht. Die Institution und ihre rechtliche Bewertung. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-8305-0585-X (Juristische Zeitgeschichte. Abt. 1: Allgemeine Reihe 14).
References
edit- ^ (in German) Führererlass „Bildung eines Ehrenhofes zur Überprüfung der Beteiligten am Attentat vom 20.7.1944“, Adolf Hitler, 2. August 1944, dokumentiert in: Martin Moll: Führer-Erlasse 1939–1945. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1997.
- ^ a b (in German) Gerhard Weinberg: Rollen- und Selbstverständnis des Offizierskorps der Wehrmacht im NS-Staat In Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hans-Erich Volkmann (Hrsg.): Die Wehrmacht. Mythos und Realität. Verlag Oldenbourg, München 1999.
- ^ (in German) Verräter ausgestoßen. Das Heer übergibt sie dem Volksgerichtshof. In: Völkischer Beobachter, 5 August 1944, p. 1 (Online at ANNO)
External links
edit- (in German) Marion Dönhoff: Der Geist Guderians. Die Zeit, Ausgabe 17/1965, 23. April 1965.
- (in German) Johannes Tuchel: Die Rache des Regimes. Die Zeit, Ausgabe 51/2004, 9. Dezember 2004.
- (in German) Der 20. Juli 1944. Gedenkstätte Plötzensee, 2003.
- (in German) Die Rache des Regimes. Bayerische Landeszentrale für politische Bildungsarbeit, 2004.