Wikipedia

Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative

The Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) is a strategy and list, maintained by the United States Department of Homeland Security, of foreign infrastructure which "if attacked or destroyed would critically impact the U.S."[1][2] A copy of the 2008 list was redacted (removing details of names and locations)[3] and leaked by WikiLeaks on 5 December 2010 as part of the website's leak of US diplomatic cables; no details on the exact location of the assets was included in the list.[4] In September 2011, WikiLeaks published the unredacted copy of the list.[5] The list's release was met with strong criticism from the US and British governments, while media and other countries have reacted less strongly saying that the entries are not secret and easily identified.

Overview

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According to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), it "Developed and executed the Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) which extends our protection strategy overseas to include important foreign infrastructure that if attacked or destroyed would critically impact the U.S. The prioritized National Critical Foreign Dependencies List (NCFDL) currently contains over 300 assets and systems in over 50 countries."[1][6] According to the 2009 National Infrastructure Protection Plan, the CFDI was launched by the federal government "working in close coordination and cooperation with the private sector" in 2007 "to identify assets and systems located outside the United States, which, if disrupted or destroyed, would critically affect public health and safety, the economy, or national security. The resulting strategic compendium guides engagement with foreign countries in the CIKR [critical infrastructure and key resources] protection mission area".[4][7][8] Using an initial inventory of infrastructure located outside the United States created by the federal government, DHS and the Department of State (DOS) developed the CFDI, "a process designed to ensure that the resulting classified list of critical foreign dependencies is representative and leveraged in a coordinated and inclusive manner."[7]

Development of the CFDI was planned in three phases, on an annual and ongoing basis. The first phase was identification, beginning with "the first-ever National Critical Foreign Dependencies List in FY2008". This was done by the DHS working with "other Federal partners", in a process that "includes input from public and private sector CIKR community partners." Next comes prioritization, in which "DHS, in collaboration with other CIKR community partners and, in particular, DOS, prioritized the National Critical Foreign Dependencies List based on factors such as the overall criticality of the CIKR to the United States and the willingness and capability of foreign partners to engage in collaborative risk management activities." The third "involves leveraging the prioritized list to guide current and future U.S. bilateral and multilateral incident and risk management activities with foreign partners. DHS and DOS established mechanisms to ensure coordinated engagement and collaboration by public entities, in partnership with the private sector."[7][9]

Disclosure

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The "2008 Critical Foreign Dependencies Initiative (CFDI) list" was contained in a February 2009 diplomatic cable to the U.S. Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, which was leaked, redacted and released in the United States diplomatic cables leak by WikiLeaks in 2010. The BBC described it as "one of the most sensitive" leaks as of 6 December 2010.[3] In its redaction process, WikiLeaks removed only a minority of the details of names and locations, and left the rest uncensored; details of the exact location of the assets were not included in the list.[4] In September 2011, WikiLeaks published the unredacted copy of the list.[5] The list did not include any military facilities, but rather facilities important for the global supply chain, global communications, and economically important goods and services.[3]

In the cable the State Department asked American diplomats to identify installations overseas "whose loss could critically impact the public health, economic security, and/or national and homeland security of the United States."[10] The order was under the direction of the Department for Homeland Security in co-ordination with the Department of State.[11]

In summary the list consists of Submarine communications cables, major port hubs, critical sea lanes, oil pipelines, mines, dams, and pharmaceutical facilities. A major emphasis on European pharmaceutical facilities was said by the BBC to suggest a fear of biological warfare or global pandemic.[3]

Responses to disclosure

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The cable had been classified secret and not for review by non-U.S. personnel,.[10] The publication of the cable was followed by strong criticism from the US government and the British government, but a tepid response from news outlets and other foreign nations.

WikiLeaks spokesman Kristinn Hrafnsson said with reference to the cable: "This further undermines claims made by the US Government that its embassy officials do not play an intelligence-gathering role. Part of the cable read: "Posts are not/not being asked to consult with host governments with respect to this request."[11] Hrafnsson later explained to The Times that the list itself "had been made available to 2.5 million people including military personnel and private contractors by the U.S. government". He went on to say: "in terms of security issues, while this cable details the strategic importance of assets across the world, it does not give any information as to their exact locations, security measures, vulnerabilities or any similar factors, though it does reveal the U.S. asked its diplomats to report back on these matters."[4]

United States

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US State Department spokesman P.J. Crowley denounced the disclosure saying it "gives a group like al-Qaeda a targeting list."[10] Anthony Cordesman, a 'national security analyst for the Center for Strategic and International Studies', said: "this has given a global map – a menu, if not a recipe book – to every extremist group in the world. To me it would be amazing to see how WikiLeaks could rationalize this." However, Alistair Millar, 'director of the Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation', said: "it's a little different...than with diplomatic cable leaks...in this case, this is largely information available to everyone if they really wanted to look."[12]

Janet Napolitano, the Secretary of Homeland Security, said the list "could jeopardize our national security".[13]

Nations other than the United States

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A spokesman for British prime minister David Cameron said: "The leaks and their publication are damaging to national security in the United States, Britain and elsewhere. It is vital that governments are able to operate on the basis of confidentiality of information."[4]

Vic Toews, the Public Safety Minister of Canada, seemed "unconcerned or unaware" of the release of the list. He said: "I don't follow gossip very much so I don't really know the impact of WikiLeaks, but I can assure you that the security agencies in Canada are following it very closely and to the extent that I need to be involved and address those issues, they will brief me on the issues."[14]

Lin Yu-fang, a politician in Taiwan, stated, in regards to the revealing of the six undersea telecommunications cables in China, there are "actually no secrets concerning the cables", but he said there "could be certain thorny political or military issues involving Taiwan, the U.S. or Japan if more sensitive secrets were exposed".[15]

News outlets

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A CBS article elaborating on the release stated that "although much of the information contained [in the list] was already in the public domain, officials in Washington and London have been quick to condemn WikiLeaks for publishing it, calling the act evidence of the organization's willingness to potentially aid terror groups in its mission to reveal U.S. secrets."[16] The New York Times stated that the list "appears largely limited to sites that any would-be terrorist with Internet access and a bit of ingenuity might quickly have identified."[17]

The Lancashire Evening Post pointed out in an article that the list "contains information on defence sites in Lancashire which is more than five years out of date." The article specifically pointed out that the "Royal Ordnance (RO) site at Chorley...has been developed as Buckshaw Village for the past five years" and the "BAE facility in Plymouth, Devon...[was] sold as part of a deal three years ago."[18]

Companies

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Mayne Pharma told the Herald-Sun that "its entry on a classified diplomatic cable is out-of-date and full of errors", since the drug listed on the cable as its resource, a snake anti-venom, hasn't been made by the company for "more than ten years".[19]

Roger Aston, the chief executive of Mayne Pharma, said: "I can only go on what I can see now in the media (about WikiLeaks) but judging from what I've seen about what they've said about Mayne Pharma and Faulding, a lot of it (the information) is old, out of date stuff that's not relevant."[19]

Dean Veverka of Southern Cross concurred, saying, "(Roger Aston's comments) that the information in the WikiLeaks document was ten years out of date could be accurate. To only list Southern Cross as the only internet cable network here might have been relevant 10 years ago (when only coaxial cables were available), but Australia now has seven cables going out of country. Australia has a very resilient network nowadays."[19]

Bill Gorman, sales director of David Brown Ltd., said: "We make gearboxes for our platinum and gold mines. We have supplied equipment via the US for other countries, but have only once exported directly to the States, for a copper mine seven years ago. I have no idea why we're on the list."[20]

A BAE Systems spokeswoman said: "The information in the list was incorrect. The site in Plymouth was sold in 2007, and in Chorley, there are no longer any weapons manufacturing, although there is still an office there. The information about Preston was correct. The safety and security of our people and facilities is of highest priority."[21]

List of critical foreign dependencies

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The 2008 CFDI list, as redacted by WikiLeaks, listed the following infrastructures:[22][23]

Sea ports

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A number of sea ports were listed, including several Chinese ports (Shanghai Port, Guangzhou Port, Hong Kong Port, Ningbo Port,[4] Tianjin Port[24]) as well as one Taiwanese port (Kaohsiung Port[24][25]) and several European ports (Port of Antwerp,[26] Port of Hamburg,[27] Rotterdam Port[28]).

Cable routes

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Northern hemisphere

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  • Bermuda - GlobeNet, formerly Bermuda US-1 (BUS-1) undersea cable landing Devonshire, Bermuda[29]
  • Canada - Hibernia Atlantic undersea cable landing at Herring Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada[30]
  • China - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landings at Chom Hom Kok, Tseung Kwan O, and Shanghai; China-US undersea cable landings at Chongming and Shantou; and FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing as Tong Fuk[31]
  • Denmark - TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Blaabjerg, Denmark[32]
  • Fiji - Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Suva, Fiji[33]
  • France - APOLLO undersea cable, Lannion, France;[34] FA-1 undersea cable, Plerin, France;[35] and TAT-14 undersea cable landing St. Valery, France[35]
  • French Guiana - Americas-II undersea cable landing Cayenne, French Guiana[36]
  • Germany - TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Norden, Germany;[27] Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing Sylt[34]
  • Ireland - Hibernia Atlantic undersea cable landing, Dublin Ireland[37]
  • Japan - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landings in Chikura, Ajigaura, and Shima; China-US undersea cable in Okinawa; FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing in Wada; Japan-US undersea cable landings at Maruyama and Kitaibaraki; KJCN undersea cable landings at Fukuoka and Kita-Kyushu; Pacific Crossing-1 (PC-1) undersea cable landing in Ajigaura and Shima; and Tyco Transpacific undersea cable landings in Toyohashi and Emi.
  • Martinique - Americas-II undersea cable landing Le Lamentin, Martinique[36]
  • Mexico - FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing, Tijuana[38] and Pan-American Crossing (PAC) undersea cable landing, Mazatlan[38]
  • Netherlands - Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing, Beverwijk;[28] TAT-14 undersea cable landing, Katwijk[28]
  • Panama - FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Fort Amador, Panama[36]
  • Philippines - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Batangas, Philippines;[39] and EAC undersea cable landing Cavite, Philippines[39]
  • Republic of Korea - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Pusan, Republic of Korea;[39] EAC undersea cable landing Shindu-Ri, Republic of Korea;[39] FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea;[24] and KJCN undersea cable landing Pusan, Republic of Korea
  • Singapore - C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Changi, Singapore;[39] EAC undersea cable landing Changi North, Singapore;[39] C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Changi, Singapore;[39] and EAC undersea cable landing Changi North, Singapore[39]
  • Taiwan- C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Fangshan, Taiwan;[24][25] C2C Cable Network undersea cable landing, Tanshui, Taiwan;[24][25] China-US undersea cable landing Fangshan, Taiwan;[24][25] EAC undersea cable landing Pa Li, Taiwan;[24][25] FLAG/REACH North Asia Loop undersea cable landing Toucheng, Taiwan[24][25][31]
  • Trinidad and Tobago - Americas-II undersea cable landing Port of Spain[40]
  • United Kingdom - APOLLO undersea cable landing Bude, Cornwall Station, United Kingdom;[41] Atlantic Crossing-1 (AC-1) undersea cable landing Whitesands Bay; FA-1 undersea cable landing Skewjack, Cornwall Station;[42] Hibernia Atlantic undersea cable landing, Southport, United Kingdom;[42] TAT-14 undersea cable landing Bude, Cornwall Station, United Kingdom;[43] Tyco Transatlantic undersea cable landing, Highbridge, United Kingdom;[44] Tyco Transatlantic undersea cable landing, Pottington, United Kingdom;[44] and Yellow/Atlantic Crossing-2 (AC-2) undersea cable landing Bude, United Kingdom[43]
  • Venezuela - Four cable landing sites in Venezuela.[45] GlobeNet undersea cable landings at Punta Gorda, Catia La Mar, and Manonga[45]

Southern hemisphere

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  • Australia - Southern Cross undersea cable landings at Brookvale[19] and Sydney, Australia[46]
  • Brazil - Americas-II undersea cable landing at Fortaleza;[36] GlobeNet undersea cable landing at Fortaleza;[36] and GlobeNet undersea cable landing Rio de Janeiro[36]
  • Netherlands Antilles - Americas-II undersea cable landing, Willemstad[36]
  • New Zealand - Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Whenuapai, New Zealand;[47] and Southern Cross undersea cable landing, Takapuna, New Zealand[47]

Mineral resources

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Chromitite (black) and anorthosite (light grey) layered igneous rocks in Critical Zone UG1 of the Bushveld Igneous Complex at the Mononono River outcrop, near Steelpoort

Other sites

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Africa

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Morocco

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The Strait of Gibraltar narrowly separates Spain in Southern Europe and Morocco in Northern Africa, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

South Africa

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Tunisia

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East Asia and the Pacific

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Australia

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China

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Indonesia

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  • Straits of Malacca[54]

Japan

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  • Hitachi, Hydroelectric Dam Turbines and Generators
  • Ports at Chiba, Kobe, Nagoya, and Yokohama
  • Metal Fabrication Machines Titanium
  • Metal (Processed) Biken, Kanonji City, Japan
  • Hitachi Electrical Power Generators and Components Large AC Generators above 40 MVA

Republic of Korea

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  • Hitachi Large Electric Power Transformers 230 - 500 kV Busan Port[21]

Malaysia

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Singapore

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  • Straits of Malacca[13]

Europe and Eurasia

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Austria

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Azerbaijan

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Four oil pipelines from Baku

Belarus

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The Druzhba pipeline and other oil pipelines in Europe

Belgium

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Denmark

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France

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Georgia

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  • Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline[56]

Germany

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Ireland

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Italy

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Poland

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  • Druzhba Oil Pipeline[65]

Russia

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Spain

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Several gas pipelines cross the Mediterranean into Spain and Italy.

Sweden

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Switzerland

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Turkey

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United Kingdom

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Near/Middle East

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Djibouti

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Egypt

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Iran

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About 20% of the world's crude oil shipments pass through the Strait of Hormuz between Iran and the United Arab Emirates.

Iraq

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Israel

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Kuwait

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  • Mina' al Ahmadi Export Terminal[60]

Oman

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Qatar

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Saudi Arabia

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United Arab Emirates (UAE)

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Yemen

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  • Bab al-Mendeb: Shipping lane is a critical supply chain node[60]

South and Central Asia

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India

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Western Hemisphere

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Argentina

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  • Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine finishing[41][50]

Canada

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Mexico

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Panama

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Trinidad and Tobago

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Fact Sheet: Critical Infrastructure and Homeland Security Protection Accomplishments". Department of Homeland Security. 5 September 2008. Archived from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  2. ^ Sharon Theimer (7 December 2010). "U.S.: WikiLeaks release a hit list for al-Qaida". Army Times. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d Kendall, Bridget (6 December 2010). "Wikileaks: site list reveals US sensitivities". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "WikiLeaks publishes list of worldwide infrastructure 'critical' to security of U.S." MSNBC. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  5. ^ a b "WikiLeaks publishes full cache of unredacted cables". the Guardian. 2 September 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  6. ^ Randol, Mark (2010). Department of Homeland Security Intelligence Enterprise: Operational Overview and Oversight Challenges for Congress. DIANE Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9781437921588.
  7. ^ a b c "National Infrastructure Protection Plan" (PDF). Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology, Washington DC. 2009. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012.
  8. ^ Chertoff, Michael (2009). Homeland security: assessing the first five years. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-0812242027.
  9. ^ Anthony L. Kimery (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks Endangers US Critical Infrastructure". Homeland Security Today. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  10. ^ a b c Lister, Tim (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks lists sites key to U.S. security". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  11. ^ a b Haynes, Deborah; Mostrous, Alexi; Whittell, Giles (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks lists 'targets for terror' against US". Times Online. The Australian. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  12. ^ Mark Clayton (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks list of 'critical' sites: Is it a 'menu for terrorists'?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Andrew Zajac (7 December 2010). "U.S. denounces WikiLeaks' release of list of crucial overseas facilities". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  14. ^ Juliet O'Neill (6 December 2010). "Safety minister not following 'gossip' on WikiLeaks releases". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 9 December 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^ "NSB closely monitoring WikiLeaks". The China Post. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  16. ^ Tucker Reals (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks Reveals U.S. List of Strategic Sites". CBS News. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  17. ^ Brian Knowlton (6 December 2010). "Leaked Cable Lists Sensitive Sites". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  18. ^ a b "Secret cables on defence sites five years out of date". Lancashire Evening Post. 7 December 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  19. ^ a b c d e Jane Lee (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks terror target list 'out of date'". Herald-Sun. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Ilham Rawoot (10 December 2010). "East Rand firms on US critical list". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  21. ^ a b c d e "WikiLeaks' facilities list 'will not endanger". Channel 4 News. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  22. ^ Gus Lubin (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks Unveils Over 300 Foreign Sites That Are Critical To U.S. National Interests". Business Insider. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  23. ^ Dani Rockhoff (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks Cablegates: Hillary Clinton cere diplomatilor SUA sa se implice in actiuni de spionaj economic pe teritoriul altor state". Hotnews. Retrieved 13 December 2010. (English)
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "機密電文：高雄港關係美國安全". CNA News. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "美倚重據點曝光 成恐襲目標". Apple Daily. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
  26. ^ a b c d "WikiLeaks lekt lijst met voor VS kwetsbare plaatsen". Knack. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
  27. ^ a b c d e f "WikiLeaks reveals potential terrorist targets". The Local. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  28. ^ a b c "Port of Rotterdam of vital importance to US security". Radio Netherlands Worldwide. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  29. ^ "Bermuda's Undersea Cable Named in WikiLeaks". Bernews. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Norman Spector (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks's mad attack on Canada". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  31. ^ a b Jimmy Chuang (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks Reveals More Secrets, Taiwan Says 'No Problem'". Want China Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012.
  32. ^ a b "Nordens viktigaste bolag - för USA". Dagens Industri. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2010. (English)
  33. ^ "Fiji site crucial to US interests". Fiji Times. 14 December 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  34. ^ a b c d e Claudio Accogli (7 December 2010). "Usa spiavano infrastrutture, anche in Italia". ANSA. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
  35. ^ a b c "WikiLeaks révèle la liste des sites français sensibles". France Soir. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010. (English)
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "WikiLeaks: Estrategicos Para EEUU En America Latina". ANSA Latina. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010. (English)
  37. ^ a b "WikiLeaks reveals Irish sites vital to America's security". The Belfast Telegraph. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Likely the Solvay plant in Juárez. Emergency managers have reported that a leak from the plant could kill or injure thousands in Juárez and El Paso.Diana Washington Valdez (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks document: El Paso ports of entry critical sites". El Paso Times.[permanent dead link‍]
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h DJ Yap (8 December 2010). "Batangas, Cavite facilities worry US–WikiLeaks". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  40. ^ a b Andre Bagoo (7 December 2010). "US got secret ALNG info". Trinidad & Tobago's Newsday.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "La lista de objetivos sensibles para la seguridad de EEUU". El Siglo. 7 December 2010. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
  42. ^ a b c Peter Wozniak (6 December 2010). "Pressure on Assange as bank account frozen and police move in". Politics.co.uk. Retrieved 14 December 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  43. ^ a b c "WikiLeaks names Cornwall in leaked US list of 'vital' facilities". This Is The Westcountry. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  44. ^ a b "WikiLeaks reveal three US security sites in the West". This Is Somerset. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  45. ^ a b "WikiLeaks revela lista de sitios vitales para intereses de Washington". El Universal. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010. (English)
  46. ^ a b Simon Benson (7 December 2010). "Australian terror targets leaked by WikiLeaks". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  47. ^ a b "Auckland beach landings labelled vital in WikiLeaks cable". National Business Review. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Maurizio Molinari (7 December 2010). "Miniere, farmaci e cavi sottomarini I siti strategici per gli Usa". La Stampa. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
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  51. ^ a b According to the USGS, the United States has only "very low grade" ores of manganese, and the mineral is recovered only incidentally as a minor component of scrap; thus the United States relies on imports. Manganese "has no satisfactory substitute in its major applications". U.S. imports were "Manganese ore: Gabon, 61%; South Africa, 18%; Australia, 8%; China, 3%; and other, 10%. Ferromanganese: South Africa, 53%; China, 18%; Republic of Korea, 6%; Mexico, 6%, and other, 17%. Manganese contained in all manganese imports: South Africa, 34%; Gabon, 21%; China, 9%; Australia, 7%; and other, 29%." Lisa A. Corathers (January 2009). "Manganese" (PDF). USGS.
  52. ^ Manganese in Gabon is mined by Comilog, a subsidiary of ERAMET. It is extracted from "several separate pits containing bedded oxide deposits in the early Proterozoic Francevillian Basin of the Moanda region in the southeastern part of the country", which together represent the world's second largest production of manganese high-grade ore. "Manganese Mining in Gabon - Overview". Mbendi.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  53. ^ Tonio Dell'Olio (10 December 2010). "Non solo le curiosità di WikiLeaks". PeaceLink. Retrieved 10 December 2010. (English)
  54. ^ a b "WikiLeaks Menguntungkan Bagi Al-Qaidah". Tribun Kaltim. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.[permanent dead link‍] (English)
  55. ^ Renne RA Kawilarang (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks: AS Berkepentingan Atas Timah RI". Vivanews. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010. (English)
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  57. ^ Peru's only tin producer is Minsur, whose production in excess of 40,000 t of concentrate between 2003 and 2005 was the third largest in the world. "Tin Mining in Peru - Overview". Mbendi information services. Archived from the original on 19 November 2005. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  58. ^ Minsur's San Raphael Mine is the world's largest tin mine, and Minsur produces 12% of the world's tin. Dana Ford (30 September 2008). "Peru's Minsur looking for financing for Brazil buy". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012.
  59. ^ Presumably David Brown Gear Industries site in Benoni: "David Brown Gear Industries (Pty) Ltd". Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pepe Escobar (8 December 2010). "What is al-Qaeda really up to?". Asia Times Online. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  61. ^ "Maybe" is an apparent typo for Mayne Pharma, which purchased F H Faulding in 2001. (Jane Lee (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks terror target list 'out of date'". news.com.au.) Faulding had previously purchased DBL and taken over its Mulgrave operation. (Patrick Dawson (2003). Understanding organizational change. ISBN 9780761971603.)
  62. ^ Baxter International's Vienna (Wien-Donaustadt) site conducts the plasma fractionation and production of immunoglobulins. "Pharmazeutische Produktion & Fertigung". Archived from the original on 8 December 2010.
  63. ^ a b c d "WikiLeaks: Deutsche Pharmafirmen als Terrorziel". Pharmazeutische Zeitung Online. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010. (English)
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  67. ^ Gabriela Anghel (7 December 2010). "România, "vulnerabilă" în faţa Rusiei, posibil intermediar de arme pentru Iran". România Liberă. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010. (English)
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  69. ^ "WikiLeaks publie une liste de sites et d'infrastructures sensibles à protéger". La Voix du Nord. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010. (English)
  70. ^ See "Junghans Feinwerktechnik - Modern Fuzes for Today's Armed Forces". army-technology.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  71. ^ a b Valentina Pop (6 December 2010). "UK condemns leak of 'critical infrastructure' list". EUobserver. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  72. ^ a b c d "WikiLeaks machts publik: Die brisante US-Liste". Abendzeitung. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010. (English)
  73. ^ a b "WikiLeaks, anche aziende italiane spiate dagli Usa". BitCity. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2010. (English)
  74. ^ "PostFinance shuts down WikiLeaks account". World Radio Switzerland. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  75. ^ a b "WikiLeaks releases list of global sites 'vital' to US". Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review. 6 December 2010. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
  76. ^ "WikiLeaks: Gran Bretaña condena nuevas revelaciones". Diario ABC Color. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2010. (English)
  77. ^ "Terror targets Indian corporate: WikiLeaks". The Indian Express. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  78. ^ "Indian firm critical to US". Hindustan Times. 7 December 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  79. ^ Mia Rabson (7 December 2010). "Leaked cable names Winnipeg firm Cangene among those critical to U.S. security". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  80. ^ The crossing between Emerson, Manitoba and Pembina, North Dakota processed $16 billion in trade traffic in 2008. It is the fifth largest in Canada, handling almost two-thirds of Manitoba exports to the U.S. and Mexico.Mia Rabson (7 December 2010). "Leaked cable names Winnipeg firm Cangene among those critical to U.S. security". Brandon Sun.
  81. ^ See [1] for further information
  82. ^ North Portal, Saskatchewan is the only site in Saskatchewan on the list, and is described by mayor Murray Arnold as "the major port of Saskatchewan". Highway 39 and the Canadian Pacific Railway's Soo Line cross into North Dakota within meters of one another after customs and security inspections. Mayor Arnold questioned the sense of a terrorist attack where trains are stopping, or of terrorists crossing at North Portal rather than through open prairie. Juliet O'Neill (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks lists Sask. site considered to be critical to Canada in the event of attack or disaster". Regina Leader-Post.[permanent dead link‍]
  83. ^ Bob Mackin (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks impacts B.C." 24 Hours Vancouver. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  84. ^ Global Winnipeg, a pharmaceutical lab that "produces antidotes for potential bioterrorism threats" Sarah Petz (7 December 2010). "UManitoba lab featured on WikiLeaks". Maclean's. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
  85. ^ Juliet O'Neill (7 December 2010). "WikiLeaks puts spotlight on sites vital to security". Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  86. ^ a b On 9 December an engineer from the International Boundary and Water Commission said IBWC was aware of the risk of terrorist sabotage at the Falcon and Amistad dams and said security had been tripled. Allen Essex. "IBWC engineer reviews safety of dams". Brownsville Herald. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  87. ^ "WikiLeaks: en México, 19 sitios estratégicos para EU". Milenio. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2010. (English)
  88. ^ Ileana Diaz (6 December 2010). "WikiLeaks names Nogales as a target for terrorism". KGUN-TV. Archived from the original on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
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