Wikipedia

Crossfire (American TV program)

This article is about the American current events program. For the current affairs programme that aired in the North of Scotland, see Crossfire (British TV programme).
For other uses, see Crossfire (disambiguation).

Crossfire is an American nightly current events debate television program that aired on CNN from June 25, 1982, to June 3, 2005, and again from September 9, 2013, to August 6, 2014. The format was designed to present and challenge the opinions of a politically liberal pundit and a conservative pundit.

Crossfire
GenreTalk/News program
StarringOn the Left (2013–14)
Stephanie Cutter
Van Jones
On the Right (2013–14)
Newt Gingrich
S. E. Cupp
Breaking News
Wolf Blitzer
Country of originUnited States
Production
Camera setupMulti-camera
Running time30 minutes (1982–2002; 2003–05; 2013–14)
60 minutes (2002)
Original release
NetworkCNN
Release
  • June 25, 1982 (June 25, 1982)–June 3, 2005 (June 3, 2005)
  • September 9, 2013 (September 9, 2013)–August 6, 2014 (August 6, 2014)
Related

After eight years off the air, a revival of Crossfire launched on September 9, 2013.[1] The panelists for the new edition of Crossfire were former House Speaker Newt Gingrich and political commentator S. E. Cupp representing the right with political consultant Stephanie Cutter and advocate Van Jones representing the left.[2] The program was last broadcast in July 2014 and officially cancelled later that year.[3]

Format

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The show is hosted by two pundits, one of whom is presented as being "on the left" and one "on the right," to provide two sides of the political spectrum. The show usually features two additional "left and right" guests on each topic of discussion. On some occasions only one guest is featured. Occasionally, when the co-hosts agree on the featured topic, two guests of the opposing view appear. More rarely, when hosts disagree with the prevailing view of their side, they debate someone from their own camp who agree with it.

History

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Braden–Buchanan years

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The concept began in 1978 when Tom Braden and Pat Buchanan co-hosted a radio show on then-NBC-owned WRC radio in Washington. The program, on which the two men debated political issues, was highly praised, but its ratings were low and, in 1982, it was cancelled. At the time, Reese Schonfeld, then President and CEO of CNN, was searching for a replacement for his 10pm program. The program put the day's most important newsmaker in the spotlight, caught between a conservative and a liberal journalist. Their ratings, which were low by radio standards, were better than CNN's. Schonfeld signed the pair to a CNN contract for $75,000 each.

CNN's owner, Ted Turner, objected to their hiring but Braden and Buchanan, with a signed contract, threatened a lawsuit. Turner backed down and agreed to give them a half hour at 11:30pm.

The program's original producer was Randy Douthit. It was executive produced by CNN's leading female executive, Gail Evans.[4] The show soon gained ratings and was elevated to a 7:30pm time slot. In 1985, Buchanan left the show for a job as communications director in the Reagan White House. His replacement was conservative columnist Robert Novak, who already had a talk show on CNN and was at the time also a regular on The McLaughlin Group. In 1987, Buchanan returned to the show, replacing Novak. In 1989, Braden was replaced by Michael Kinsley, a liberal columnist for Time magazine, and editor of The New Republic.

Later years

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In late 1991, Buchanan left the program to pursue the 1992 Republican Party nomination for the presidency, and was replaced by John Sununu in the conservative seat. Buchanan returned in 1993 and alternated with Sununu. In 1995, Buchanan again left the show to pursue an unsuccessful bid for the 1996 Republican nomination for president.[5] Novak returned to the show alternating with Sununu on the right. At about the same time, CNN began a weekend edition of the show, Crossfire Sunday. The initial hosts were Bob Beckel on the left and Tony Snow on the right. After a few months Snow left for the newly formed Fox News Channel, to be replaced by Lynne Cheney.

Kinsley left the show at the end of 1995 and in early 1996, CNN selected two hosts to alternate on the left: Geraldine Ferraro and Bill Press. In 1997, Buchanan again returned to the program, replacing Novak on the right. At the end of the year Ferraro left the program and Press became the full-time representative of the left. A month later Sununu left the show, and Novak returned alternating with Buchanan. In February 1998, Crossfire Sunday was cancelled.

 
Crossfire studio at the George Washington University in 2005

In 1999, Buchanan left the show for the last time and Mary Matalin was his replacement, alternating with Novak on the right. However, the show began to lose its audience, with the increasing popularity of alternatives like Hannity and Colmes on the Fox News Channel and Hardball on MSNBC. In 2001, Matalin left the program to join the White House staff and she was replaced by Tucker Carlson.

In 2002, the length of the program was increased to an hour. The show was presented live from George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and featured a live studio audience. Novak and Carlson retained their slots as alternating hosts on the right. Paul Begala and James Carville replaced Press on the left. The new style did not rate well, and in April 2003, Crossfire was reduced back to just half an hour and moved from prime-time to an afternoon slot.

Jon Stewart's appearance

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Main article: Jon Stewart's 2004 appearance on Crossfire

On October 15, 2004, Jon Stewart, then host of The Daily Show, appeared on the program to promote his book America (The Book): A Citizen's Guide to Democracy Inaction. He used his appearance on the show to raise criticisms of the format of Crossfire and the style of arguments presented on the show. He said the program failed its responsibility to the public discourse and indulged in partisan hackery, reducing news coverage of important issues to a series of talking points from both extremes of the political spectrum: "It's hurting America. Here is what I wanted to tell you guys: Stop."[6][7]

Carlson attempted to counter Stewart's criticisms by reading examples of softball questions Stewart had asked of then-presidential candidate John Kerry during his recent interview on The Daily Show, such as "How are you holding up?" and "Is it hard not to take [the attacks] personally?" Stewart argued that unlike Carlson and Begala he was a comedian, not a journalist, and therefore it was not his role to conduct hard-hitting interviews. Begala defended the show on the basis that it was intended as a forum for debate, to which Stewart responded that calling Crossfire a debate show was "like saying pro wrestling is a show about athletic competition."[8] During the exchange, Carlson told Stewart, "I do think you're more fun on your show. Just my opinion," to which Stewart replied, "You know what's interesting, though? You're as big a dick on your show as you are on any show."[9]

Following his appearance, transcripts and live stream footage were released on the Internet and widely watched and discussed. At a time when the average number of viewers of the show was about 615,000, the episode drew 867,000 viewers.[10] Stewart later stated "It really was not my intent to be disruptive. I truly thought we'd have a goof about how terrible the program is at the top, and move on, but . . . the combination of their obstinance and my low blood sugar led to no bueno."[11]

Cancellation

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An older logo of the series

In January 2005, the new president and CEO of CNN Jonathan Klein announced the cancellation of Crossfire. Klein also announced that they would not be renewing Carlson's contract. Carlson claimed it was he who had chosen to leave, to take a job at MSNBC.[12] In the news release containing the announcement, Klein indicated that he wanted to change the tone of shows on the network, and in interviews said he sympathized with Jon Stewart's criticisms of Crossfire. Klein claimed he "wanted to move CNN away from what he called 'head-butting debate shows'."[13] The last episode aired on June 3, 2005 and the Crossfire pundits began appearing on Inside Politics the following Monday before relocating to that show's successor, The Situation Room. However, the GWU Crossfire set remained in use for the CNN weekend program On The Story, which had an audience interaction format.

Revival

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A revival of Crossfire was announced on June 26, 2013, for a premiere in late 2013, with panelists Newt Gingrich, S. E. Cupp, Stephanie Cutter, and Van Jones.[2] CNN announced a launch of September 9, at the end of the Congressional recess and probable proposal by the White House to take some action against Syria.[1]

The new version differed from the original version in that the final segment, called "Cease Fire," will offer "an opportunity for hosts to look for common ground at the end of the program."[14] There is also no audience, putting aside the format in the first version's iteration in the last few years to prevent the panelists from "playing for the audience".[14]

Due to CNN's coverage of the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance, Crossfire was placed on "temporary hiatus" on March 11, 2014; an additional half-hour of The Situation Room was aired in its place. Crossfire returned to CNN's lineup on May 1, 2014.[15][16] Following the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 incident in mid-July 2014, Crossfire was placed on hiatus again. On October 15, 2014—coincidentally, the ten-year anniversary of Stewart's appearance—the show was officially cancelled for the second time.[3]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Ahrens, Chris (1 September 2013). "Debut of Crossfire Moved up One Week". TVNewser. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  2. ^ a b "'Crossfire' coming back to CNN". CNN. June 26, 2013. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
  3. ^ a b Moraes, Lisa (October 15, 2014). "Crosssfire Cancelled — Again — As CNN Pulls Programs And Slashes Staff". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  4. ^ "Getting to the Top, CNN-Style". 1999-03-23.
  5. ^ "Pat Buchanan leaves MSNBC, citing 'clamor from the left'". New York Post. 17 February 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
  6. ^ Adam Mordecai (August 6, 2015), Jon Stewart's best moment wasn't on 'The Daily Show.' It was the day he eviscerated CNN, retrieved 10 August 2015
  7. ^ "Jon Stewart on Crossfire", CNN, 19 October 2004, retrieved 10 August 2015
  8. ^ "Jon Stewart on Crossfire". YouTube. 2006-01-16. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  9. ^ "CNN.com – Transcripts". Transcripts.cnn.com. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  10. ^ Hines, Matt. "Jon Stewart 'Crossfire' feud ignites Net frenzy". CNET News. Retrieved 2009-08-05.
  11. ^ "I am Jon Stewart, tiny host man. AMA!". Reddit.com. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  12. ^ Chasing Fox, Gabriel Sherman, New York Magazine, October 3, 2010
  13. ^ Carter, Bill (2005-01-06). "CNN Will Cancel Crossfire and Cut Ties to Commentator". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
  14. ^ a b Steinberg, Brian (6 September 2013). "CNN To Force 'Crossfire' Hosts To Find Common Ground". Variety. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  15. ^ Wemple, Erik. "MH370 coverage: CNN's Crossfire remains on 'hiatus'". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  16. ^ "After Extended Hiatus, Crossfire Returns". TVNewser. Retrieved 2 May 2014.

Sources

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  • David Bauder (January 5, 2005). CNN Lets 'Crossfire' Host Carlson Go. Associated Press. Retrieved December 29, 2007 from USA Today.
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