This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. (July 2019) |
Pre-shock is also known as compensated shock, or cryptic shock[1][2] describes the state in which the human body is still capable of offsetting the abnormally reduced tissue perfusion by exerting compensatory mechanism.[1]
For instance, in a solely hypovolemia without formally entering shock state, the body is able to constrict peripheral vessels, accelerate heart rate, and boost myocardial contractility to compensate for the negative impacts out of a certain percentage reduction in total effective arterial blood volume. Thus, the person, particularly for those non-elderly who have higher physical reserve, might not be symptomatic of such blood loss accounted for certain amount of total blood volume in the body and might even manifest a normal systolic pressure as well as diastolic pressure. Taken together, tachycardia, a modest change in overall blood pressure in either trend—increase or decrease—or hyperlactatemia that is not deemed to be moderate to severe, are the likely only early signs of clinical shock.[2]
Clinical shock aka uncompensated shock is termed overt shock.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Shoemaker, WC (1996). "Temporal physiologic patterns of shock and circulatory dysfunction based on early descriptions by invasive and noninvasive monitoring". New Horizons (Baltimore, Md.). 4 (2): 300–18. ISSN 1063-7389. PMID 8774804.
- ^ a b Chien, S (1967). "Role of the sympathetic nervous system in hemorrhage". Physiological Reviews. 47 (2). American Physiological Society: 214–288. doi:10.1152/physrev.1967.47.2.214. ISSN 0031-9333. PMID 5342872.
- ^ Puskarich, Michael A.; Trzeciak, Stephen; Shapiro, Nathan I.; Heffner, Alan C.; Kline, Jeffrey A.; Jones, Alan E. (2011). "Outcomes of patients undergoing early sepsis resuscitation for cryptic shock compared with overt shock". Resuscitation. 82 (10). Elsevier BV: 1289–1293. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.06.015. ISSN 0300-9572. PMC 3179778. PMID 21752522.