Cryptognatha nodiceps, known generally as the coconut scale predator or sugarcane scale predator, is a species of lady beetle in the family Coccinellidae; it is found in the Caribbean region, North America, and Oceania,[1][2][3] having been introduced to various countries in an attempt to provide biological pest control of the coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor).
| Cryptognatha nodiceps | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Coccinellidae |
| Genus: | Cryptognatha |
| Species: | C. nodiceps
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cryptognatha nodiceps Marshall, 1912
| |
Description
editThe larvae of Cryptognatha nodiceps are dark yellow and elongated, with long waxy outgrowths, and grow to a length of about 7 mm (0.28 in). The pupae are a similar colour. The adults are shiny, rounded, dome-shaped beetles, about 2 mm (0.08 in) in length. The head and pronotum are brown and the elytra are blackish.[4]
Distribution
editCryptognatha nodiceps is native to Trinidad and Tobago and is present in other parts of the Caribbean region and in Florida. It is also present in Colombia, Guyana, Angola, São Tomé and Príncipe, Pakistan and the Philippines. It has been introduced into a number of island groups including Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Vanuatu and Hawaii.[4]
Ecology
editThe adult female Cryptognatha nodiceps lives for about five weeks, producing an average of about 140 eggs, with the time between consecutive generations being about six weeks.[5] Eggs are laid singly underneath an empty scale test. Both larvae and adults feed on various scale insects in the families Diaspididae and Coccidae, including the coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor), with adults eating about twenty coconut scales in a day.[5] They also consume the coconut whitefly (Aleurodicus cocois), but are unable to reproduce on this alone; they do not feed on aphids, psyllids or mealybugs.[5] This lady beetle is used in the biological pest control of coconut scale, which has spread from southern Asia to various parts of the tropics and subtropics where coconuts are grown.[5]
References
edit- ^ "Cryptognatha nodiceps report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
- ^ "Cryptognatha nodiceps". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
- ^ "Cryptognatha nodiceps species information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
- ^ a b Jackson, Grahame. "Cryptognatha nodiceps". Pacific Pests, Pathogens & Weeds fact sheets. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- ^ a b c d Lopez, V.F.; Kairo, M.T.K.; Irish, J.A. (2013). "Biology and prey range of Cryptognatha nodiceps (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a potential biological control agent for the coconut scale, Aspidiotus destructor (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)". Biocontrol Science and Technology. 14 (5): 475–485. doi:10.1080/09583150410001683493. S2CID 84605771.
Further reading
edit- Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2007). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 4: Elateroidea - Derodontoidea - Bostrichoidea - Lymexyloidea - Cleroidea - Cucujoidea. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-8788757675.