Csonka is a Hungarian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Árpád Csonka (born 1991), Slovak football striker
- Ferenc Csonka (fl. 1950s), Hungarian sprint canoer
- János Csonka (1852–1939), Hungarian engineer
- Larry Csonka (born 1946), American football (NFL) fullback
- Paul Csonka (1905–1995), Austrian composer and opera conductor
- Zsófia Csonka (born 1983), Hungarian sport-shooter