Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 3

Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNGA3 gene.

CNGA3
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3SWY
Identifiers
Aliases	CNGA3, ACHM2, CCNC1, CCNCa, CCNCalpha, CNCG3, CNG3, Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 3, cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 3, cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 3
External IDs	OMIM: 600053; MGI: 1341818; HomoloGene: 994; GeneCards: CNGA3; OMA:CNGA3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2q11.2 Start 98,346,188 bp End 98,398,601 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) Band 1|1 B Start 37,253,515 bp End 37,302,465 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ventricular zone testicle ganglionic eminence islet of Langerhans pituitary gland anterior pituitary muscle layer of sigmoid colon gastric mucosa right uterine tube C1 segment Top expressed in neural layer of retina spermatid embryo quadriceps femoris muscle male reproductive system testicle muscle tissue blastocyst anterior segment of eyeball lens More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function intracellular cGMP-activated cation channel activity nucleotide binding cGMP binding ion channel activity ligand-gated ion channel activity voltage-gated potassium channel activity protein C-terminus binding intracellular cAMP-activated cation channel activity Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane perikaryon membrane soma dendrite photoreceptor outer segment membrane transmembrane transporter complex integral component of plasma membrane plasma membrane axon initial segment glial cell projection Biological process response to stimulus regulation of membrane potential cation transport response to magnesium ion ion transport ion transmembrane transport response to corticosteroid transmembrane transport response to cAMP signal transduction visual perception cation transmembrane transport potassium ion transmembrane transport inorganic cation import across plasma membrane Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1261 12790 Ensembl ENSG00000144191 ENSMUSG00000026114 UniProt Q16281 Q9JJZ8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001079878 NM_001298 NM_001282010 NM_009918 RefSeq (protein) NP_001073347 NP_001289 NP_001268939 NP_034048 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 98.35 – 98.4 Mb Chr 1: 37.25 – 37.3 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a member of the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel protein family, which is required for normal vision and olfactory signal transduction. CNGA3 is expressed in cone photoreceptors and is necessary for color vision. Missense mutations in this gene are associated with rod monochromacy and segregate in an autosomal recessive pattern. Two alternatively-spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described.

Clinical relevance

Variants in this gene have been shown to cause achromatopsia and colour blindness.

See also

• Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel

Further reading

• Arbour NC, Zlotogora J, Knowlton RG, Merin S, Rosenmann A, Kanis AB, et al. (May 1997). "Homozygosity mapping of achromatopsia to chromosome 2 using DNA pooling". Human Molecular Genetics. 6 (5): 689–94. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.5.689. PMID 9158143.
• Kohl S, Marx T, Giddings I, Jägle H, Jacobson SG, Apfelstedt-Sylla E, et al. (July 1998). "Total colourblindness is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the cone photoreceptor cGMP-gated cation channel". Nature Genetics. 19 (3): 257–9. doi:10.1038/935. PMID 9662398. S2CID 12040233.
• Wissinger B, Jägle H, Kohl S, Broghammer M, Baumann B, Hanna DB, et al. (August 1998). "Human rod monochromacy: linkage analysis and mapping of a cone photoreceptor expressed candidate gene on chromosome 2q11". Genomics. 51 (3): 325–31. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5390. PMID 9721202.
• Sundin OH, Yang JM, Li Y, Zhu D, Hurd JN, Mitchell TN, et al. (July 2000). "Genetic basis of total colourblindness among the Pingelapese islanders". Nature Genetics. 25 (3): 289–93. doi:10.1038/77162. PMID 10888875. S2CID 22948732.
• Wissinger B, Gamer D, Jägle H, Giorda R, Marx T, Mayer S, et al. (October 2001). "CNGA3 mutations in hereditary cone photoreceptor disorders". American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (4): 722–37. doi:10.1086/323613. PMC 1226059. PMID 11536077.
• Zhong H, Molday LL, Molday RS, Yau KW (November 2002). "The heteromeric cyclic nucleotide-gated channel adopts a 3A:1B stoichiometry". Nature. 420 (6912): 193–8. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..193Z. doi:10.1038/nature01201. PMC 2877395. PMID 12432397.
• Johnson S, Michaelides M, Aligianis IA, Ainsworth JR, Mollon JD, Maher ER, et al. (February 2004). "Achromatopsia caused by novel mutations in both CNGA3 and CNGB3". Journal of Medical Genetics. 41 (2): 20e–20. doi:10.1136/jmg.2003.011437. PMC 1735666. PMID 14757870.
• Faillace MP, Bernabeu RO, Korenbrot JI (May 2004). "Cellular processing of cone photoreceptor cyclic GMP-gated ion channels: a role for the S4 structural motif". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (21): 22643–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M400035200. PMID 15024024.
• Peng C, Rich ED, Varnum MD (May 2004). "Subunit configuration of heteromeric cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels". Neuron. 42 (3): 401–10. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00225-9. PMID 15134637. S2CID 16989789.
• Nishiguchi KM, Sandberg MA, Gorji N, Berson EL, Dryja TP (March 2005). "Cone cGMP-gated channel mutations and clinical findings in patients with achromatopsia, macular degeneration, and other hereditary cone diseases". Human Mutation. 25 (3): 248–58. doi:10.1002/humu.20142. PMID 15712225. S2CID 10889075.
• Liu C, Varnum MD (July 2005). "Functional consequences of progressive cone dystrophy-associated mutations in the human cone photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channel CNGA3 subunit". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 289 (1): C187-98. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00490.2004. PMID 15743887.
• Varsányi B, Wissinger B, Kohl S, Koeppen K, Farkas A (November 2005). "Clinical and genetic features of Hungarian achromatopsia patients". Molecular Vision. 11: 996–1001. PMID 16319819.
• Goto-Omoto S, Hayashi T, Gekka T, Kubo A, Takeuchi T, Kitahara K (2006). "Compound heterozygous CNGA3 mutations (R436W, L633P) in a Japanese patient with congenital achromatopsia". Visual Neuroscience. 23 (3–4): 395–402. doi:10.1017/S095252380623308X. PMID 16961972. S2CID 22582346.

External links

• GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Achromatopsia
• OMIM entries on Achromatopsia
• CNGA3+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.