Cymopterus is a genus of perennial plants in the family Apiaceae native to western North America. They are commonly known as the spring parsleys[2] and are edible. They are mostly stemless, taprooted perennial herbs with leaves at ground level and flowering scapes bearing yellow, white, or purple flowers.[3]
| Cymopterus | |
|---|---|
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| Cymopterus newberryi | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Apioideae |
| Tribe: | Selineae |
| Genus: | Cymopterus Raf.[1] |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
editThe taxonomy of this genus was described as confused in 2004, even after many decades of study.[4] Authors have organized it in different ways, sometimes including several closely related Apiaceae genera within it.[4] Genera recently segregated from Cymopterus include Vesper, six plants with morphological characters that are well-defined and easily separated from Cymopterus; the group has been separated before, but was reintegrated during repeated reorganizations of the genus.[5] The number of accepted species has varied between about 50[3] to about 35.[6][1]
Species
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As of December 2022[update], Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[1]
- Cymopterus aboriginum M.E.Jones – Indian parsnip, Indian springparsley
- Cymopterus alpinus A.Gray
- Cymopterus anisatus A.Gray
- Cymopterus basalticus M.E.Jones – basalt springparsley
- Cymopterus beckii S.L.Welsh & Goodrich – featherleaf springparsley
- Cymopterus cinerarius A.Gray – gray springparsley
- Cymopterus crawfordensis K.Moon, S.L.Welsh & Goodrich
- Cymopterus davidsonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) R.L.Hartm.
- Cymopterus davisii R.L.Hartm. – Davis' springparsley
- Cymopterus deserticola Brandegee – desert springparsley
- Cymopterus douglassii R.L.Hartm. & Constance – Douglass' springparsley
- Cymopterus duchesnensis M.E.Jones – Duchesne biscuitroot, Uinta Basin springparsley
- Cymopterus evertii R.L.Hartm. & R.S.Kirkp. – Evert's springparsley
- Cymopterus gilmanii C.V.Morton – Gilman's springparsley
- Cymopterus glaucus Nutt. – smooth springparsley, waxy springparsley
- Cymopterus globosus (S.Watson) S.Watson – globe springparsley
- Cymopterus glomeratus (Nutt.) DC. – plains springparsley
- Cymopterus goodrichii S.L.Welsh & Neese – Goodrich's springparsley, Toiyabe springparsley
- Cymopterus hallii (A.Gray) B.L.Turner
- Cymopterus humilis (Raf.) Tidestr.
- Cymopterus jonesii J.M.Coult. & Rose – Jones' springparsley
- Cymopterus longipes S.Watson – longstalk springparsley, sprawling springparsley
- Cymopterus megacephalus M.E.Jones – largeleaf springparsley
- Cymopterus minimus (Mathias) Mathias – Cedar Breaks springparsley
- Cymopterus newberryi (S.Watson) M.E.Jones – sweetroot springparsley, sticky springparsley
- Cymopterus nivalis S.Watson – snowline springparsley, Elko springparsley
- Cymopterus panamintensis J.M.Coult. & Rose – Panamint springparsley
- Cymopterus petraeus M.E.Jones
- Cymopterus purpureus S.Watson – purple springparsley, Colorado Plateau springparsley, variable springparsley
- Cymopterus ripleyi Barneby – Ripley's springparsley
- Cymopterus rosei (M.E.Jones ex Coult. & Rose) M.E.Jones – Rose's springparsley
- Cymopterus sessiliflorus (W.L.Theob. & C.C.Tseng) R.L.Hartm.
- Cymopterus spellenbergii R.L.Hartm. & J.E.Larson
- Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) Torr. & A.Gray – turpentine wavewing
- Cymopterus williamsii R.L.Hartm. & Constance – Williams' springparsley
Formerly included here
edit- Vesper multinervatus (as Cymopterus multinervatus)
- Vesper purpurascens (as Cymopterus purpurascens)
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cymopterus.
- ^ a b c d "Cymopterus Raf." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
- ^ Cymopterus. USDA PLANTS.
- ^ a b Cymopterus. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
- ^ a b Sun, F. and S. R. Downie. (2004). A molecular systematic investigation of Cymopterus and its allies (Apiaceae) based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rps16 intron) DNA sequences. South African Journal of Botany 70(3), 407-16.
- ^ Hartman, R. L. and G. L. Nesom. (2012). Taxonomy of the genus Vesper (Apiaceae). Phytoneuron 94 1-9.
- ^ Downie, S. R., et al. (2002). Polyphyly of the spring-parsleys (Cymopterus): molecular and morphological evidence suggests complex relationships among the perennial endemic genera of western North American Apiaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 80(12), 1295-1324.
Further reading
edit- Sun, F. J. and S. R. Downie. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships among the perennial, endemic Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae of western North America: additional data from the cpDNA trnF-trnL-trnT region continue to support a highly polyphyletic Cymopterus. Plant Diversity and Evolution 128(1-2), 151-72.