Cystobasidium fimetarium is a species of fungus in the order Cystobasidiales. It is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung.[1] Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. The species is known from Europe and North America.
| Cystobasidium fimetarium | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Cystobasidiomycetes |
| Order: | Cystobasidiales |
| Family: | Cystobasidiaceae |
| Genus: | Cystobasidium |
| Species: | C. fimetarium
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| Binomial name | |
| Cystobasidium fimetarium (Schumach.) P. Roberts (1999)
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| Synonyms | |
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Tremella fimetaria Schum. (1803) | |
Taxonomy
editThe species was originally described in 1803 on cow dung by Danish biologist Heinrich Schumacher who assigned it to Tremella, a genus then used for almost any fungus with gelatinous fruit bodies.[2] In 1887 French mycologist Émile Boudier refound the species on goat dung in France and, discovering that it had auricularioid basidia (unlike Tremella species), transferred it to the auricularioid genus Helicobasidium.[3]
In 1889, German mycologist Joseph Schröter described Platygloea fimicola as a new auricularioid species on rabbit dung from modern-day Poland.[4] In 1898 Swedish mycologist Gustaf Lagerheim described Jola lasioboli as a new auricularioid species on cow dung from Norway.[5] In 1924, German mycologist Walther Neuhoff transferred the latter species to his new genus Cystobasidium, based on the swollen, cyst-like probasidia from which the basidia emerge.
In 1999, British mycologist Peter Roberts noted that all these appeared to represent the same species and that Tremella fimetaria was the earliest name. Accordingly, he proposed the new combination Cystobasidium fimetarium for the species.[1]
Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed that the species is distinct and not closely related to other auricularioid fungi.[6][7][8]
Description
editBasidiocarps are waxy-gelatinous, disc-shaped to irregularly pustular, pale pinkish lilac, 1–4 mm in diameter. Microscopically, the hyphae are occasionally clamped, 1.5 to 3 μm wide, producing occasional haustorial cells that attach to host hyphae. Basidia emerge from swollen probasidia; they are tubular, often recurved, 25-55 x 3-4 μm long, and laterally septate, forming four cells. Basidiospores are hyaline, smooth, and ellipsoid to slightly fusoid, measuring 6–11.5 x 3-5 μm; they germinate by budding off subglobose to ovoid yeast cells that form pinkish colonies in culture.[1][9][10]
Habitat and distribution
editCystobasidium fimetarium is a parasite of ascomycetous fungi on dung, including species of Lasiobolus and Thelebolus. It is known from Europe (Denmark,[2] France,[3] Germany,[9] Netherlands,[11] Norway,[5] Poland,[4] Spain,[12] and Sweden)[13] and North America (Canada)[14] but has rarely been encountered. The only known British collection is on Thelebolus crustaceus from grouse dung in Scotland.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Roberts PJ (1999). "New British Records 164. Cystobasidium fimetarium (Schum.) P. Roberts comb. nov". Mycologist. 13: 171. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(99)80105-0.
- ^ a b Schumacher CF (1803). Enumeratio plantarum in partibus saellandiae septentrionalis et orientalis (pars posterior). Copenhagen: F. Brummer. p. 489.
- ^ a b Boudier ME (1887). "Note sur le Tremella fimetaria Schum". Journal de Botanique. 1: 330–333.
- ^ a b Schröter J (1887). Kryptogamen Flora von Schlesien 3(I): Pilze. Breslau: JU Kern.
- ^ a b Lagerheim G (1898). "Mykologische Studien 1: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der parasitischen Pilze, 1-3". Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. (Afd III). 24 (4): 1–21, 3p1.
- ^ Yurkov AM, Kachalkin AV, Daniel HM, Groenewald M, Libkind D, de Garcia V, Zalar P, Gouliamova DE, Boekhout T, Begerow D (2015). "Two yeast species Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. and Cystobasidium rietchieii f.a. sp. nov. isolated from natural environments, and the transfer of Rhodotorula minuta clade members to the genus Cystobasidium". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 107 (1): 173–185. doi:10.1007/s10482-014-0315-0. hdl:11336/12218. PMID 25367339. S2CID 254239871.
- ^ Wang, Q.-M.; Yurkov, A.M.; Göker, M.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Leavitt, S.D.; Groenewald, M.; Theelen, B.; Liu, X.Z.; Boekhout, T.; Bai, F.Y. (2015). "Phylogenetic classification of yeasts and related taxa within Pucciniomycotina". Studies in Mycology. 81: 149–189. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.002. PMC 4777780. PMID 26951631. S2CID 20745335.
- ^ Li A, Yuan F, Groenewald M, Bensch K, Yurkov AM, Li K, Han P, Guo L, Aime MC, Sampaio JP, Jindamorakot S, Turchetti B, Inacio J, Fungsin B, Wang Q, Bai F (2020). "Diversity and phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts from plant leaves and soil: Proposal of two new orders, three new families, eight new genera and one hundred and seven new species". Studies in Mycology. 96: 17–140. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.002. PMC 7082220. PMID 32206137.
- ^ a b Rödel T, Bender H (2016). "Cystobasidium fimetarium - ein parasitischer Heterobasidiomycet auf koprophilen Ascomycota" (PDF). Boletus. 37 (2): 73–80.
- ^ Sampaio JP, Oberwinkler F (2011). "Cystobasidium". The Yeasts (Fifth ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1419–1422. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52149-1.00110-5. ISBN 978-0-444-52149-1.
- ^ "NMV Verspreidingsatlas Paddenstoelen". Retrieved 2023-07-13.
- ^ "asturnatura.com". Retrieved 2023-07-13.
- ^ "Dyntaxa: Svensk taxonomisk databas". Retrieved 2023-07-13.
- ^ Bandoni RJ (1973). "Epistolae mycologicae II. Species of Platygloea from British Columbia". Syesis. 6: 229–232.