Czarny (Polish pronunciation: [ˈtʂarnɨ]) is a surname of Polish language origin, related to Czerny. Historically, it was also a nickname meaning "black". Notable people with the surname include:
- Leszek Czarny (c. 1241–1288), Polish prince
- Zawisza Czarny (c. 1379–1428), Polish knight and nobleman