DGLUCY (D-glutamate cyclase) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGLUCY gene.[5]
Orthologs
editThis section possibly contains original research. (January 2011) |
The human gene, DGLUCY, is highly conserved in mammals and birds.[6] Orthologs gathered from BLAST and BLAT searches reveal that the human DGLUCY mRNA sequence is conserved with a sequence identity of 98% in chimpanzees, 88% in mice, and 81% in platypus and chicken.[7][8] The following table contains a list orthologs that were gathered from BLAST searches. Sequence alignments were performed using blastn to derive sequence identity, score, and E-values between the human c14orf159 variant 1 mRNA and its orthologs.
| Genus and species | Common name | NCBI accession number | Sequence length (bp) | Sequence identity | Score | E-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Human | NM_001102366 | 3164 | 100% | 0 | |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | XM_510121 | 2974 | 98% | 4281 | 0 |
| Mus musculus | Mouse | NM_145448 | 3231 | 88% | 495 | 0 |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | XM_00154336.1 | 1962 | 81% | 217 | 0 |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | XM_421319 | 3389 | 81 | 50 | 0 |
The protein that the human gene DGLUCY encodes has been found to be highly conserved among mammals, birds, amphibians, fish, tunicates, cnidarians, and echinoderms. However, no protein orthologs have been found in nematodes, arthropods, fungi, protists, plants, bacteria, or archea. Fungi and bacteria contain the DUF1445 conserved domain which is found in human c14orf159 and its orthologs. BLAST and BLAT searches have been utilized to find orthologs to the c14orf159 protein. The following table lists protein orthologs for the human protein with sequence identity, sequence similarity, scores, and E-values derived from blastp sequence comparisons.[9]
| Genus and species | Common name | NCBI accession number | Sequence length-amino acids | Sequence identity | Sequence similarity | Score | E-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Human | NP_001095839.1 | 564 | 100% | 100% | 0 | |
| Pan troglodytes | Chimpanzee | XP_510121.2 | 724 | 557/621 (89%) | 561/621 (90%) | 1109 | 0 |
| Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Panda | EFB15996.1 | 585 | 413/585 (70%) | 461/585 (78%) | 824 | 0 |
| Rattus norvegicus | Rat | XP_343096.2 | 618 | 423/618 (68%) | 470/618 (76%) | 774 | 0 |
| Mus musculus | Mouse | NP_663423.2 | 617 | 414/623 (66%) | 468/621 (75%) | 796 | 0 |
| Equus caballus | Horse | XP_001916913.1 | 581 | 390/585 (66%) | 433/585 (74%) | 728 | 6E-115 |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | XP_001514386.1 | 653 | 358/628 (57%) | 443/628 (70%) | 696 | 0 |
| Gallus gallus | Chicken | XP_421319.2 | 617 | 330/614 (53%) | 414/614 (67%) | 630 | 0 |
| Xenopus tropicalis | Western clawed frog | CAJ82045.1 | 616 | 302/611 (49%) | 399/611 (65%) | 582 | 1E-170 |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | AAI244131.1 | 621 | 284/607 (46%) | 386/607 (63%) | 530 | 6E-155 |
| Branchiostoma floridae | Lancelet | XP_002612376.1 | 615 | 237/611 (38%) | 334/611 (54%) | 397 | 6E-115 |
| Ciona intestinalis | Vase tunicate | XP_001173256 | 486 | 161/501 (32%) | 241/501 (48%) | 244 | 5E-69 |
| Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | California purple sea urchin | XP_782739.1 | 631 | 9/33 (27%) | 15/33 (45%) | 320 | 5E-87 |
| Nematostella vectensis | Starlet sea anemone | XP_001637867 | 529 | 134/501 (26%) | 211/501 (42%) | 120 | 1E-31 |
Post-translational modification
editThe protein product of the DGLUCY gene is predicted[5] and was found[10][11] to be translocated to mitochondrion.
Post-translational modifications are predicted for the protein DGLUCY. All predicted sites in human DGLUCY were compared to orthologs using multiple sequence alignments to determine likelihood of modification.[12][13][14][15] [16]
Regulation
editEstrogen receptor alpha, in the presence of estradiol, binds to the DGLUCY gene and likely regulates its expression.[17]
References
edit- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133943 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021185 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: C14orf159 chromosome 14 open reading frame 159".
- ^ BLAST. NCBI. accessed 19 April 2010. http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
- ^ UCSC Genome Browser website, BLAT. accessed 10 April 2010.
- ^ BLAST. NCBI. accessed 19 April 2010.
- ^ Blastp. NCBI. http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
- ^ Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H. "RZPD CloneID DKFZp686J0759". LifeDB: Database for Localization, Interaction, Functional assays and Expression of Proteins. German Cancer Research Center.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A (October 2004). "From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136–44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336.
- ^ Prediction of glycosylation across the human proteome and the correlation to protein function. Gupta, R. and S. Brunak. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing, 7:310-322, 2002 <http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/YinOYang/>.
- ^ Locating proteins in the cell using TargetP, SignalP, and related tools Olof Emanuelsson, Søren Brunak, Gunnar von Heijne, Henrik Nielsen Nature Protocols 2, 953-971 (2007) http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/.
- ^ Scanning the available Dictyostelium discoideum proteome for O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation sites using neural networks. R. Gupta, E. Jung, A.A. Gooley, K.L. Williams, S. Brunak and J. Hansen. Glycobiology: 9(10):1009-22, 1999 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/DictyOGlyc/.
- ^ Analysis and prediction of mammalian protein glycation. Morten Bo Johansen, Lars Kiemer and Søren Brunak Glycobiology, 16:844-853, 2006 http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetGlycate/.
- ^ Sulfinator. Expasy tools. 2010. http://expasy.org/tools/sulfinator/.
- ^ Creekmore AL, Ziegler YS, Bonéy JL, Nardulli AM (March 2007). "Estrogen receptor α regulates expression of the breast cancer 1 associated ring domain 1 (BARD1) gene through intronic DNA sequence". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 267 (1–2): 106–15. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2007.01.001. PMC 1933484. PMID 17275994.
External links
edit- Human C14orf159 genome location and C14orf159 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
edit- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
- Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, et al. (2001). "Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, et al. (2003). "The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment". Genome Res. 13 (10): 2265–70. doi:10.1101/gr.1293003. PMC 403697. PMID 12975309.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Cheng J, Kapranov P, Drenkow J, et al. (2005). "Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution". Science. 308 (5725): 1149–54. Bibcode:2005Sci...308.1149C. doi:10.1126/science.1108625. PMID 15790807. S2CID 13047538.
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: Large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC 1356129. PMID 16344560.
- Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, et al. (2006). "The LIFEdb database in 2006". Nucleic Acids Res. 34 (Database issue): D415–8. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj139. PMC 1347501. PMID 16381901.