David Farnsworth was a Colonial-era American Loyalist. He was a British agent during the American Revolutionary War. George Washington had him hanged for his involvement in a plot to destroy the American economy by placing counterfeit money into circulation.[1]
David Farnsworth | |
|---|---|
| Born | December 5, 1760 |
| Died | November 10, 1778 (aged 17) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Occupation(s) | spy, counterfeiter |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | Colonial loyalist who served in British war effort |
| Conviction(s) | Espionage Forgery |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
American Revolution
editFarnsworth initially joined up with Patriot forces in Cambridge, Massachusetts at the age of 15 in 1775, serving as a drummer and participating in the Battle of Bunker Hill.[2]
The use of counterfeit money has been used as a strategy in warfare for centuries.[3] The idea is to flood the enemy's economy with fake money, thus devaluing the real money and causing an economic collapse, rendering the enemy unable to fund their side of the war. During the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress decided to create a new Continental currency to fund the war. Among the people enlisted to print this new currency was Paul Revere.[4]
To counter this, the British enlisted teams of counterfeiters to travel throughout the American Colonies, placing their counterfeits into circulation in the hopes that it would devalue the Continental currency. These counterfeiters were known as "shovers," presumably for their ability to "shove" the fake money into everyday use.[5]
David Farnsworth and his partner John Blair were among the best-known of these counterfeiters, having been caught with over $10,000 in fake Continental dollars in their possession.[6]
On October 8, 1778, in a court-martial held in Danbury, Connecticut by order of General Horatio Gates and Brigadier General John Paterson, Farnsworth and Blair were tried for, and convicted of, "being found about the Encampment of the Armies of The United-States as Spies and having a large sum of counterfeit Money about them which they brought from New-York". The sentence of execution was prescribed by a two-thirds vote. On October 23 in Fredericksburg, New York, Commander in Chief George Washington approved the sentence and ordered their immediate execution upon their arrival at General Gates' division.[7] Farnsworth and Blair were executed in Rocky Hill, Hartford County, Connecticut on November 10, 1778.
In popular culture
editIn fiction, Farnsworth appeared in the Futurama episode "All The Presidents' Heads" as the ancestor of Professor Hubert Farnsworth. As in history, he was presented as a counterfeiter and British agent. However, in an alternate timeline featured in the episode, in which Great Britain won the Revolution and all of North America became known as "West Britannia", he killed George Washington and was granted a dukedom.[8]
References
edit- ^ Counterfeiting In America: The History of an American Way to Wealth, By Lynn Glaser. pp. 41–44.
- ^ Saunderson, Rev. Henry H. History of Charlestown, NH - Fort No. 4, 1876, page 358
- ^ "Counterfeit Notes of War".
- ^ "Revolutionary War, Paul Revere history Project".
- ^ Stealing Lincoln's Body, By Thomas J. Craughwell. p. 35.
- ^ Counterfeiting In Colonial America, By Kenneth Scott. p. 258.
- ^ General Orders, 23 October 1778. Founders Online National Archives https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-17-02-0549. Accessed May 20, 2016.
- ^ "Recap / Futurama S 6 E 23 All The Presidents Heads". TV Tropes. Retrieved 12 August 2022.