The Mitsubishi DeRoI-class (Japanese: デロイ) was a group of three boxcab-style electric locomotives with regenerative braking (type EL14AR[1]) and the capability for multiple-unit control manufactured by Mitsubishi in 1946.[2] They were very similar to the Toshiba-built DeRoI-class locomotives and the DeRoNi-class locomotives built by Hitachi. They were built for the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu), but the war ended before delivery took place. They were delivered to the Korean National Railroad after the partition of Korea, which designated them 데로3 ("Dero3").[3] During the Korean War all were captured by the Korean People's Army and taken to North Korea, where they were put into service by the Korean State Railway as the Chŏngisŏ (Korean: 전기서, "Electric 3") class.
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Description
editThe first electrified railway in Korea was the 29.7 km (18.5 mi) 1,067 mm (42.0 in) narrow gauge streetcar line in Seoul running from Seodaemun to Cheongnyang-ni via Cheongno and Dongdaemun, which was opened on 18 April 1898 by the Hanseong Electric Company. This was actually the first railway of any type in Korea, having preceded the 33.2 km (20.6 mi) Gyeongin Railway from Noryangjin to Jemulpo, which opened on 18 September 1899. The first electrified standard gauge mainline railway in Korea was the privately owned Geumgangsan Electric Railway, which on 1 August 1924 opened a 28.8 km (17.9 mi) line from Cheorwon to Geumhwa electrified at 1,500 V DC. Later, the line was extended from Cheorwon to Naegeumgang; the 116.6 km (72.5 mi) extension was opened on 1 July 1931.[3]
The Government-General of Korea began working on a national electric power policy in November 1926, and the resulting plan was completed in December 1931. Chapter 4, "Utilising Electricity in Transportation in Korea" dealt with the electrification of Korea's railways. In 1937, a plan to electrify the Bokgye–Gosan section of the Gyeongwon Line, the Jecheon–Punggi section of the Gyeonggyeong Line and the Gyeongseong–Incheon Gyeongin Line was submitted to the Imperial Diet, which approved it in 1940.[3] Sentetsu issued its requirement for an electric locomotive in 1938, beginning discussions with Mitsubishi in that year regarding the implementation of the electrification plan. Part of the Railway Bureau's goal with the electrification plan was to set a new world speed record, and to go with that, a state-of-the-art locomotive was desired. The project entailed many Japanese firsts, including the first use of 3,000 V electrification, and, specific to the DeRoI class locomotive, the first use of regenerative brakes.[4][3] The resulting design was very similar to the EF12 class of the Japanese National Railways.
When the electrification of rail lines in Korea was begun in 1943, Sentetsu ordered twenty DeRoI class locomotives of 135 tons - sixteen from Toshiba[5] and four from Mitsubishi[4] The original class name, デロイ (DeRoI), comes from the Sentetsu classification system for electric locomotives: DeRoI = De, for "electric" (from 電気, denki), Ro, to indicate six powered axles (from Japanese roku, 6), and I (from Japanese ichi, 1), indicating the first class of electric locomotive with six powered axles.[6]
Design work was undertaken by Mitsubishi, with Shinichi Matsuda designing the control circuits and Saneyoshi Hirota designing the main motor.[4] The design was very similar to the EF12-class of the Japanese National Railways. The electrical components were manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric, while the mechanical components were produced by Mitsubishi's Mihara Vehicle Works.[7]
Though generally quite similar in appearance to the Hitachi-built DeRoNi type and the Toshiba-built DeRoI type locomotives, there were a number of features that distinguished the Mitsubishi-built DeRoI class from the others. These included: equal spacing of side windows; a distinctive ventilator shape, including two relatively large ventilators; and a distinctive arrangement of the deck railings.[7]
The four units ordered by Sentetsu were intended for use on the Kyŏnggyŏng Line, but none were completed by the end of the Pacific War; three were nearly complete. After the war, the Allied General Headquarters (GHQ) in Tokyo ordered the construction and delivery of a further ten units to Korea as war reparations, including the three near-complete Mitsubishi units.[5] Mitsubishi-built units 31 and 32 were delivered in August 1946, while number 33, although likewise completed in June 1946,[8] wasn't delivered until June 1948.[9] The remaining, unfinished unit was scrapped at the factory. These were all delivered to the southern zone of occupation, but during the Korean War all three of the Mitsubishi-built DeRoI locomotives were captured and taken to the North.[10]
As the Korean War caused the destruction of the electrification of North Korea's rail lines, they sat disused until 1956.[11] In that year they were reclassified Chŏngisŏ (전기서, "Electric-3") class and numbered 전기서1 through 전기서3, and were refurbished at the engine shops at Yangdŏk for use on the Yangdŏk-Ch'ŏnsŏng section of the P'yŏngra Line, which had been electrified in 1956 as the first stage of North Korea's electrification plans.[11]
No information on the subsequent disposition of these locomotives is available at present.
References
edit- ^ "デロイを探せ！（その50） ソ連向けデロイの輸出許可申請書（その1）". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 23 February 2014.
- ^ "デロイを探せ！（その2）". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 21 October 2011.
- ^ a b c d Byeon, Seong-u (1999). 한국철도차량 100년사 [Korean Railways Rolling Stock Centennial] (in Korean). Seoul: Korea Rolling Stock Technical Corp.
- ^ a b c "松田新市三菱電機技師の戦中戦後の電気車設計". 北山敏和の鉄道いまむかし (in Japanese).
- ^ a b "デロイを探せ！（その４）発注数量と実生産数". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 3 November 2011.
- ^ "デロイを探せ！（その31） 戦後のデロイ（1964年）". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 8 July 2012.
- ^ a b "デロイを探せ！（その21） 北朝鮮に残るデロイは東芝製？". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 6 January 2012.
- ^ "デロイを探せ！（その12） 三菱三原とデロイ". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 30 November 2011.
- ^ "デロイを探せ！（その51）ソ連向けデロイの輸出許可申請書（その2）". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 18 March 2014.
- ^ "デロイを探せ！（その15） デロイ戦後の遍歴3". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 11 December 2011.
- ^ a b "デロイを探せ！（その22） 北朝鮮のデロイ資料2（交通新聞1956年）". ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） (in Japanese). 12 January 2012.