December 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

December 23 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - December 25

All fixed commemorations below celebrated on January 6 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.^{[note 1]}

For December 24th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on December 11.

Feasts

The Eve of the Nativity of Christ.^[1]^[2]^[3]^{[note 2]}

Saints

Venerable Nun-martyr Eugenia of Rome,^[4]^[5] and with her:
- Martyrs Philip (her father),^[6] Protus and Hyacinth (Jacinth),^[7] Basilla,^[8] and Claudia (262)^[2]
Martyrs Sossios and Theokleios (c. 286-305).^[9]^{[note 3]}
Martyr Castulus (c. 307-323)^[10]^{[note 4]}
Martyr Achaicus, by the sword.^[11]
Venerable Vitimionus of Scetis (Bitimionus of Scete) (5th century)^[2]^[12]
Venerable Aphrodisius, monk of Palestine (6th century)^[2]^[13]
Venerable Antiochus of Palestine (Antiochus Strategos, Antiochos Sabbaitis), monk of the Great Lavra of St. Sabbas the Sanctified in Jerusalem (635)^[2]^[14]^[15]^{[note 5]}
Venerable Nicholas the Monk, of Bulgaria (Nicholas the former soldier) (c. 802-811)^[2]^[16]^[17]

Pre-Schism Western saints

Martyrs Lucian, Metrobius, Paul, Zenobius, Theotimus and Drusus, in Tripoli in North Africa.^[18]
Hieromartyr Gregory of Spoleto, a priest martyred in Spoleto in Italy under Maximinian Herculeus.^[18]^{[note 6]}
Saint Delphinus, Bishop of Bordeaux in France; he helped convert St Paulinus of Nola and was an untiring opponent of Priscillianism (404)^[18]^{[note 7]}
Saint Venerandus, born of a senatorial family in Clermont in Auvergne in France, he became bishop there from 385-423 (423)^[18]
Saint Caranus (Carannus), a saint of the east of Scotland.^[18]
Saint Tarsila, an aunt of St Gregory the Great, sister of St Emiliana and niece of Pope Felix; she led a life of seclusion and asceticism in her paternal home (581)^[18]
Saint Mochua, Abbot of Timahoe (637)^[20]
Saint Irmina, sister of St. Adela, daughter of Dagobert II (King of the Franks) (708)^[18]^{[note 8]}
Saint Adela, daughter of Dagobert II (King of the Franks), first Abbess of Pfalzel near Trier in Germany (c. 730)^[18]
Saint Alberic (Albert), a monk at Gladbach Abbey in Germany (10th century)^[18]
Saint Bruno, a holy man at the monastery of Ottobeuren Abbey in Bavaria in Germany (1050)^[18]

Post-Schism Orthodox saints

New Martyr Achmed (Ahmet) the Calligrapher, at Constantinople (1682)^[2]^[21]^[22] (see also May 3 )
Venerable Agapios the Younger (1812).^[23]^{[note 9]}

New martyrs and confessors

New Hieromartyr Innocent (Beda), Archimandrite, of Voronezh (Innokenty (Bida) of Poltava) (1928)^[2]^[24]^[25]
New Hieromartyr Sergius Mechev, Archpriest, of Moscow (1942)^[2]^[24]^[25]

Icon gallery

Russian Icon "All of Creation Rejoices in Thee" (17th century)^{[note 10]}
The Nativity (c. 1475).
The Nativity (16th century)
St. Eugenia of Rome.
Martyrdom of St. Eugenia of Rome and others (Menologion of Basil II, 10th century)
Saints Protus and Hyacinth.
New Hieromartyr Sergius Mechev, Archpriest, of Moscow.

Notes

^ The notation Old Style or (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian Calendar (which is used by churches on the "Old Calendar").
The notation New Style or (NS), indicates a date in the Revised Julian calendar (which is used by churches on the "New Calendar").
^ In Slavic practice, on the Eve of the Nativity of the Lord, the liturgical services consist of the Royal Hours with the Typika, Vespers, and the Divine Liturgy of St Basil the Great. At Vigil in the evening, Great Compline is followed by Matins.^[3]
^ They are not recorded in the Synaxarion of St. Nicodemus, however their memory is preserved in Parisian Codex 1621, with a few biographical details. They were martyred under Maximian and Magnentius (286-305). As Christians they were arrested by the ruler Baudus (who was hegemon of Adrianople in Macedonia), and because they were not persuaded to deny Christ, they were mercilessly tortured in the most horrible way. Eventually they were beheaded and thus took the imperishable crown of martyrdom.^[9]
^ He is not recorded in the Synaxarion of St. Nicodemus, however his memory is preserved in Parisian Codex 1621, with the following biographical summary: This saint was martyred during the reign of Licinius (307-323), to whom he was denounced as a Christian. After being arrested, they hanged him and flayed his skin. Then they handed him over to the ruler Zilikinthius, and because he also failed to this convince the Martyr to denounce Christ, they tortured him severely and in the end decapitated him.^[10]
^
Saint Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain hypothesized that this Saint is the one who was the known as "Pandektos" (i.e. that is, the author of the Pandects of Holy Scripture), who lived in the middle of the 7th century and descended from the Galatia, and was a monk in the Great Lavra of St. Sabbas the Sanctified in Jerusalem. In addition, Antiochos wrote about the Conquest of Jerusalem in 614, and lamented the murder of the monks of the Lavra of St. Sabbas by the invaders. A good study dealing with Antiochus was written by Archimandrite Kallistos (1910), and another by Ioannes Fokilides, in his work "The Holy Lavra of Savva the Sanctified" (1927).^[14] See also:
- Professor F.C. Conybeare. Antiochus Strategos, The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 AD. English Historical Review 25 (1910). pp.502-517.
^ "At Spoleto, the holy priest Gregory. In the time of the emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, and then after being exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, was struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded."^[19]
^ "At Bordeaux, St. Delphinus, a bishop, who was renowned for holiness, in the time of Theodosius."^[19]
^ Given in marriage at the age of fifteen. Her betrothed died on her wedding day. She then persuaded her father, Dagobert II, to build for her the convent of Oehren near Trier in Germany. She also built the monastery of Echternach for St Willibrord (698). She reposed at the monastery of Weissenburg.
^ Agapios the Younger, in the world Antonios Antonopoulos, also known as Antonios Papantopoulos (Dimitsana, 1753 to 1812). He studied at the school of his native town Dimitsana, where his teachers were Agapios Leonardo and Gerasimos Gounas. When the school was closed during the Orlov Revolt, Agapios followed Gerasimos Gounas to Smyrna, where he continued his studies at the prestigious school of the city, under the scholar Ierotheos Dendrinos. In Smyrna he was tonsured a monk. Later he followed Gerasimos Gounas to Chios, and finally returned to his hometown Dimitsana, where in August 1781 he became the director of his old school. The famous School of Dimitsana owes its reputation primarily to Agapios the Younger, who for 32 years performed his duties as director of the school with unique diligence, hard work and honesty. Another characteristic of Agapios, was the simplicity and austerity of his life. We do not have any of his writings, however his influence as an instructor was the root from which many excellent teachers and clergy of the period came forth.^[23]
^ The hymn "In Thee rejoiceth ..." is a Troparion of St. John Damascene, in honor of Our Lady, the text of which is included in Oktoechos. In Orthodox worship it is used in the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great, which is served on Christmas Eve:
"O Full of Grace, all creation rejoiceth in thee! The angelic hosts sing thy praises with all mankind: thou hallowed temple, noetical paradise, and the glory of all virgins. Of thee was God made flesh - our God before all ages - and became a child. Of thy body a throne He made; He made thy womb more spacious than the heavens. All creation rejoiceth in thee, O Full of Grace: glory be to Thee!"

References

^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Παραμονὴ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ Γεννήσεως. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ December 24/January 6. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
^ ^a ^b Eve of the Nativity of our Lord. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ἡ Ἁγία Εὐγενία ἡ Ὁσιομάρτυς. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Nun-Martyr Eugenia of Rome. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Φίλιππος ὁ Μάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Οἱ Ἅγιοι Πρώτα καὶ Ὑάκινθος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ἡ Ἁγία Βασίλα ἡ Μάρτυς. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ ^a ^b Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Οἱ Ἅγιοι Σόσσιος καὶ Θεόκλειος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ ^a ^b Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Καστοῦλος ὁ Μάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀχαϊκὸς ὁ Μάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Βιτιμίων. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀφροδίσιος. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ ^a ^b Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀντίοχος. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ St Antiochus. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Νικόλαος «ὁ ἀπὸ στρατιωτῶν». 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ Venerable Nicholas the Monk of Bulgaria. OCA - Feasts and Saints.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j December 24. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
^ ^a ^b The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p.394.
^ The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p.2.
^ Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀχμὲδ ὁ Νεομάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ "АХМЕТ КРАСНОПИСЕЦ - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-06-08.
^ ^a ^b Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀγάπιος ὁ νεώτερος. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ ^a ^b January 6 / December 24. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
^ ^a ^b (in Russian) 24 декабря (ст.ст.) 6 января 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).

Sources

December 24/January 6. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
January 6 / December 24. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
December 24. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 2.
December 24. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916.

Greek Sources

Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek) 24 ΔΕΚΕΜΒΡΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
(in Greek) Συναξαριστής. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).

Russian Sources

(in Russian) 6 января (24 декабря). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
(in Russian) 24 декабря (ст.ст.) 6 января 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).

[1] The notation Old Style or (OS) is sometimes used to indicate a date in the Julian Calendar (which is used by churches on the "Old Calendar").
The notation New Style or (NS), indicates a date in the Revised Julian calendar (which is used by churches on the "New Calendar").

[5] In Slavic practice, on the Eve of the Nativity of the Lord, the liturgical services consist of the Royal Hours with the Typika, Vespers, and the Divine Liturgy of St Basil the Great. At Vigil in the evening, Great Compline is followed by Matins.^[3]

[12] They are not recorded in the Synaxarion of St. Nicodemus, however their memory is preserved in Parisian Codex 1621, with a few biographical details. They were martyred under Maximian and Magnentius (286-305). As Christians they were arrested by the ruler Baudus (who was hegemon of Adrianople in Macedonia), and because they were not persuaded to deny Christ, they were mercilessly tortured in the most horrible way. Eventually they were beheaded and thus took the imperishable crown of martyrdom.^[9]

[14] He is not recorded in the Synaxarion of St. Nicodemus, however his memory is preserved in Parisian Codex 1621, with the following biographical summary: This saint was martyred during the reign of Licinius (307-323), to whom he was denounced as a Christian. After being arrested, they hanged him and flayed his skin. Then they handed him over to the ruler Zilikinthius, and because he also failed to this convince the Martyr to denounce Christ, they tortured him severely and in the end decapitated him.^[10]

[20] Saint Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain hypothesized that this Saint is the one who was the known as "Pandektos" (i.e. that is, the author of the Pandects of Holy Scripture), who lived in the middle of the 7th century and descended from the Galatia, and was a monk in the Great Lavra of St. Sabbas the Sanctified in Jerusalem. In addition, Antiochos wrote about the Conquest of Jerusalem in 614, and lamented the murder of the monks of the Lavra of St. Sabbas by the invaders. A good study dealing with Antiochus was written by Archimandrite Kallistos (1910), and another by Ioannes Fokilides, in his work "The Holy Lavra of Savva the Sanctified" (1927).^[14] See also:
Professor F.C. Conybeare. Antiochus Strategos, The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 AD. English Historical Review 25 (1910). pp.502-517.

[6] Professor F.C. Conybeare. Antiochus Strategos, The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 AD. English Historical Review 25 (1910). pp.502-517.

[25] "At Spoleto, the holy priest Gregory. In the time of the emperors Diocletian and Maximian, he was first beaten with rough clubs, and then after being exposed on the gridiron and imprisoned, was struck on the knees with iron carding instruments, burned on the sides with firebrands, and finally beheaded."^[19]

[26] "At Bordeaux, St. Delphinus, a bishop, who was renowned for holiness, in the time of Theodosius."^[19]

[28] Given in marriage at the age of fifteen. Her betrothed died on her wedding day. She then persuaded her father, Dagobert II, to build for her the convent of Oehren near Trier in Germany. She also built the monastery of Echternach for St Willibrord (698). She reposed at the monastery of Weissenburg.

[32] Agapios the Younger, in the world Antonios Antonopoulos, also known as Antonios Papantopoulos (Dimitsana, 1753 to 1812). He studied at the school of his native town Dimitsana, where his teachers were Agapios Leonardo and Gerasimos Gounas. When the school was closed during the Orlov Revolt, Agapios followed Gerasimos Gounas to Smyrna, where he continued his studies at the prestigious school of the city, under the scholar Ierotheos Dendrinos. In Smyrna he was tonsured a monk. Later he followed Gerasimos Gounas to Chios, and finally returned to his hometown Dimitsana, where in August 1781 he became the director of his old school. The famous School of Dimitsana owes its reputation primarily to Agapios the Younger, who for 32 years performed his duties as director of the school with unique diligence, hard work and honesty. Another characteristic of Agapios, was the simplicity and austerity of his life. We do not have any of his writings, however his influence as an instructor was the root from which many excellent teachers and clergy of the period came forth.^[23]

[35] The hymn "In Thee rejoiceth ..." is a Troparion of St. John Damascene, in honor of Our Lady, the text of which is included in Oktoechos. In Orthodox worship it is used in the Liturgy of St. Basil the Great, which is served on Christmas Eve:
"O Full of Grace, all creation rejoiceth in thee! The angelic hosts sing thy praises with all mankind: thou hallowed temple, noetical paradise, and the glory of all virgins. Of thee was God made flesh - our God before all ages - and became a child. Of thy body a throne He made; He made thy womb more spacious than the heavens. All creation rejoiceth in thee, O Full of Grace: glory be to Thee!"

[2] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Παραμονὴ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ Γεννήσεως. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[PRAVOSLAVIE-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ December 24/January 6. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).

[OCA-EVE-4] Eve of the Nativity of our Lord. OCA - Feasts and Saints.

[6] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ἡ Ἁγία Εὐγενία ἡ Ὁσιομάρτυς. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[7] Nun-Martyr Eugenia of Rome. OCA - Feasts and Saints.

[8] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Φίλιππος ὁ Μάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[9] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Οἱ Ἅγιοι Πρώτα καὶ Ὑάκινθος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[10] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ἡ Ἁγία Βασίλα ἡ Μάρτυς. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[SOS-11] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Οἱ Ἅγιοι Σόσσιος καὶ Θεόκλειος οἱ Μάρτυρες. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[CAS-13] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Καστοῦλος ὁ Μάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[15] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀχαϊκὸς ὁ Μάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[16] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Βιτιμίων. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[17] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀφροδίσιος. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[SYNAX-ANT-18] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀντίοχος. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[19] St Antiochus. OCA - Feasts and Saints.

[21] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Νικόλαος «ὁ ἀπὸ στρατιωτῶν». 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[22] Venerable Nicholas the Monk of Bulgaria. OCA - Feasts and Saints.

[LATIN-23] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j December 24. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.

[ROMAN-24] The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p.394.

[ROCOR-27] The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p.2.

[29] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἀχμὲδ ὁ Νεομάρτυρας. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[30] "АХМЕТ КРАСНОПИСЕЦ - Древо". drevo-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-06-08.

[AGAP-31] Great Synaxaristes: (in Greek): Ὁ Ὅσιος Ἀγάπιος ὁ νεώτερος. 24 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[MOSPAT-33] January 6 / December 24. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).

[DECR-34] (in Russian) 24 декабря (ст.ст.) 6 января 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).

[note 1]

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[2]

[3]

[note 2]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[note 3]

[10]

[note 4]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[note 5]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[note 6]

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[20]

[note 8]

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[19]