Detective Sergeant Denis O'Brien (17 June 1899 – 9 September 1942), sometimes called "Dinny O’Brien", was a veteran of the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War. He joined the Garda Síochána in 1933 and was killed by the Anti-Treaty IRA in 1942.[1]
Denis O'Brien | |
|---|---|
| Born | 17 June 1899 Dublin, Ireland |
| Died | 9 September 1942 (aged 43) |
| Other names | Dinny |
| Spouse | Anne Cooney |
| Police career | |
| Department | Garda Síochána Special Branch Division |
| Service years | 1933–1942 |
| Rank | Detective Sergeant |
| Badge no. | 8288 |
Early life
editDenis O'Brien was born at 3 Boatman's Lane,[2][3] near Cork Street, Dublin, the son of Patrick O'Brien, a labourer, and Mary Anne O'Brien, née Kane.[2] The O'Brien family were still living at Boatman's Lane at the time of the 1901 census,[4] but by the 1911 census they had moved to Pim Street, near Usher's Quay, Dublin.[5] He was educated at James Street school by the Congregation of Christian Brothers. As a 17-year-old, he fought in the 1916 Easter Rising with the Marrowbone Lane Garrison of the Irish Volunteers. Briefly imprisoned by the British Army at Richmond Barracks, O'Brien was released on account of his age. He joined the Irish Republican Army in 1917, eventually succeeding his brother Patrick as O.C. ("officer commanding") 'C' Company, 4th Battalion, Dublin Brigade. He commanded his company through the whole period up until the Anglo-Irish Treaty. During the Irish Civil War, Denis and his brothers joined the Anti-Treaty IRA and fought in the Four Courts. After his capture during the Battle of Dublin, Denis was interned at the Curragh Camp until 1924. He later served as an accountancy clerk with the Electricity Supply Board. He married Annie Cooney at St James' Catholic Church, Dublin on 12 April 1926.[6]
Police career
editIn 1933, Éamon de Valera, the new President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, issued a call for IRA veterans to join the Gardaí. O'Brien joined the Garda Síochána on 9 August 1933 (with registration number 8288), and subsequently entered the Detective Branch section (now known as the Special Detective Unit) headed by Eamon Broy. Broy, a former Detective Sergeant in the G Division of the Dublin Metropolitan Police, had spied for Michael Collins during the Irish War of Independence. Among Irish republican legitimists, however, O'Brien and his colleagues were referred to as, "The Broy Harriers."
O'Brien was promoted to Detective Sergeant on 15 October 1937 and remained in the Gardaí when de Valera introduced a more Republican constitution in 1937 and abolished the Oath of Allegiance to the British Monarchy.
World War II
editDuring the Second World War O'Brien was a Detective Sergeant in the Special Branch Division, which had its headquarters at Dublin Castle. The Special Branch Division was then largely tasked with hunting down foreign spies and members of the IRA, who were interned and held without trial in the Curragh Camp. De Valera's government regarded the collaboration of the IRA with the intelligence services of Nazi Germany as a serious threat to Irish neutrality and its national security.[7]
Detective Sergeant O'Brien was involved in the investigation into the murder of two of his colleagues during a raid on an IRA training centre at Rathgar Road, Dublin on 16 August 1940, just two years before his own murder. The raid resulted in the arrest, trial and execution of IRA training officer Patrick McGrath (Irish republican) and IRA men Thomas Harte and Tom Hunt.[8] The raid ended with the murder of two Special Branch men, Detective Sergeant Patrick McKeown and Detective Garda Richard Hyland at 98A Rathgar Road, Dublin on 16 August 1940. (McGrath and Harte were later executed). Contrary to militant republican lore, Denis O'Brien was not part of the Garda raiding party at Rathgar Road. [9] According to historian Tim Pat Coogan, "An iron-gloved approach to the IRA was the order of the day with vigorous raids and interrogations. As a result, relations between individual IRA men and the Special Branch became understandably strained, and the IRA, in its shattered and disorganised condition, came to regard the Special Branch as a greater enemy than the British Crown."[10]
Assassination
editAt 9:45 am on 9 September 1942 at Ballyboden, Rathfarnham, County Dublin, O'Brien left his house and began getting into his car. Three IRA men, wearing trenchcoats and armed with Thompson submachine guns, lay in wait for him as he drove out his drive and opened fire. The shots from the Thompson smashed the windows of his car but he was uninjured and he alighted and ran for cover to the gate but upon reaching it, he was shot by a single round to the head. The fatal shot was from a volley from a second Thompson gun fired by another IRA man secreted across the Ballyboden Road adjacent to Kerr's Sawmill. Detective Sergeant O'Brien was shot in the back of the head as he returned fire on the IRA men on his property.[11] He was posthumously awarded a gold Scott Medal for bravery in 2024.
Two of the assassins wrapped the Thompsons in their trenchcoats, mounted their bicycles, and rode towards Dublin. Future IRA Chief of Staff Charlie Kerins left on foot, leaving his bicycle behind.
According to author Tim Pat Coogan, "The shooting greatly increased public feeling against the IRA, particularly as the murder was carried out almost in full view of his wife. As she held her dying husband, she watched his assailants cycling past."[10]
Aftermath
editTwo years later, Kerins was arrested in a pre-dawn raid and tried by court-martial for the murder of Detective Sergeant O'Brien. At a special military tribunal in Collins Barracks, Dublin, Kerins was formally charged on 2 October 1944 for the "shooting at Rathfarnham of Detective Dinny O'Brien". According to Coogan,
"At the end of his trial, the president of the Military Court delayed sentence until later in the day to allow Kerins, if he wished, to make an application whereby he might have avoided the capital sentence. When the court resumed, Kerins said: "You could have adjourned it for six years as far as I am concerned, as my attitude towards this Court will always be the same." He thus deprived himself of the right to give evidence, to face cross examination, or to call witnesses.[10]
After Kerins' fingerprints were identified on the bicycle which was left at the crime scene, he was found guilty, and sentenced to death by hanging. Col. James V. Joyce who presided on the Special Military Court noted that on sentencing Kerins, he appeared for the first time to be 'shook'.[12] The sentence was carried out by British chief executioner Albert Pierrepoint, who was regularly employed for such occasions by the Irish State, at Mountjoy Prison on 1 December 1944, in spite of numerous calls for clemency.
Archie Doyle, who is also alleged to have been in command of the IRA hit squad during the killing of O'Brien, died in 1980.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Garda Síochána: Roll of Honour, retrieved 17 October 2012.
- ^ a b c "Births in the Superintendent Registrar's District of South Dublin, 1899" (PDF). irishgenealogy.ie. Entry Numbers 211–220. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ Spelled as Bowmans Lane in his birth record.[2]
- ^ "Residents of a house 3 in Boatman's Lane (Ushers Quay, Dublin)". census.nationalarchives.ie. 31 March 1901. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ "Residents of a house 5 in Pim St. (Usher's Quay, Dublin)". census.nationalarchives.ie. 2 April 1911. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ "Marriages in the Superintendent Registrar's District of Dublin, 1926" (PDF). irishgenealogy.ie. Entry Numbers 10–13. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
- ^ Mark M. Hull (2003). Irish Secrets German Espionage in Ireland, 1939-1945. Irish Academic Press. ISBN 0-7165-2756-1. (See also IRA-Abwehr collaboration in World War II.)
- ^ Thorne, Kathleen (2019). Echoes of Their Footsteps Volume Three. Oregon: Generation Organization. p. 298. ISBN 978-0-692-04283-0.
- ^ Mac Donncha, Mícheál (29 May 2024). "Remembering the Past: Executed IRA men reinterred". An Phoblacht.
- ^ a b c Tim Pat Coogan (1994). The IRA A History. Roberts Rinehart Pub. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-879373-99-0.
- ^ National Archives of Ireland. Court of Criminal Appeal No. 94/1944. Trial Transcript Charles Kerins Murder Trial Special Criminal Court
- ^ Diary of Colonel James V. Joyce, October 1944. Military Archives, Private Collection of James V. Joyce.