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Deputy First Sea Lord

The Deputy First Sea Lord (D.F.S.L.) was a senior Royal Navy flag officer on the Board of Admiralty of the Royal Navy.[1]

Office of the Deputy First Sea Lord
Ensign of the Royal Navy
Department of the Admiralty
Member ofBoard of Admiralty
Reports toFirst Sea Lord
NominatorFirst Lord of the Admiralty
AppointerPrime Minister
Subject to formal approval by the King-in-Council
Term length1-4 years
Inaugural holderRosslyn E. Wemyss
Formation1917-1919, 1942-1946

History

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Vice-Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty as Second Sea Lord on 6 September 1917. before being relieved on 27 September by Vice-Admiral Herbert L. Heath.[2] In his memoirs, he described the circumstances of his appointment:

The First Lord's [Geddes] original idea had been that I should be Second Sea Lord, but that the traditional duties of that office should be somewhat modified, so as to allow me to take up Staff Duties. The reason for this was that until now, should the First Sea Lord for any reason be absent from the Admiralty, the whole of the burden and responsibility of the war devolved automatically on the Second Sea Lord, whose duties in connection with the personnel did not allow him sufficient time to study Staff matters. Consequently he (Second Sea Lord) might find himself called upon at any moment to give decisions on matters with which he could not possibly be familiar. On considering the situation I advised the First Lord that it would be better not to interfere with the duties of Second Sea Lord, which were so well understood on all sides, and which required the full attention of one man, but appoint me as additional with my duties entirely confined to Staff work, and that an officer should be appointed as Second Sea Lord who would be junior to me. By this means the conduct of the war would, in the absence of the First Sea Lord, automatically fall into my hands.[3]

In 1919, Jellicoe wrote that, "This appointment was frankly made more as a matter of expediency than because any real need had been shown for the creation of such an office."[4] He later claimed in his autobiographical notes that, "The introduction of a Deputy First Sea Lord was only agreed to by me as the result of my conversations with Beatty and Madden. The idea emanated from Sir Eric Geddes who saw in the appointment a way of overcoming the Prime Minister's objections to Sir Henry Oliver, [D.C.N.S.] remaining at the Admiralty. . . . The intention was that in my absence Admiral Wemyss could represent me at the War Council instead of Sir H. Oliver."[5]

In August, 1919, when Rear-Admiral Hope was appointed to command the Third Light Cruiser Squadron, the position of Deputy First Sea Lord was not filled.[6]

Duties

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As of 1917:[7]

  • General questions of Naval Policy, other than questions connected with operations in Home Waters.
  • Questions relating to Foreign Stations and Overseas operations. Letters of Proceedings from Commanders-in-Chief abroad.
  • Questions affecting Shore Defences and co-operation with Military (in consultation with D.C.N.S. when necessary).
  • General questions as to Blockade and Trade.
  • Refits of Ships not affecting D.C.N.S. or A.C.N.S.
  • Superintendence of Operations Division (F) of Naval Staff
  • Superintendence of Hydrographic Department.

Assessment

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According to authors Harley and Lovell "There can be no doubt that the appointment of Wemyss as Deputy First Sea Lord was to insert an officer amenable to Geddes into a senior position on the Board of Admiralty. The position was completely superfluous to the structure which had evolved at the end of May, 1917. It is no wonder, therefore, that all Wemyss had to do, in his own words" It was give Jellicoe",[8] "an extra opinion on dockets which could well be dispensed with."[9] It is indicative that when Wemyss succeeded Jellicoe as First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in December, 1917, the position of Deputy First Sea Lord was filled by a junior Rear-Admiral with responsibility for "Policy and Foreign" matters.[10] Only the D.O.D. (F) and the Director of Training and Staff Duties reported to him.[11] "As before, the duties of the professional head of the Royal Navy if absent fell upon the shoulders of the Second Sea Lord. After Rear-Admiral Hope was appointed to a sea-going command in August, 1919, the position was allowed to lapse".[12]

In 1942, the post was revived again [13] to alleviate the workload of the First Sea Lord during World War II and was held by Admiral Sir Charles Kennedy-Purvis until 1946.

Deputy First Sea Lords

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DFSL[14]
Rank Name Image In office Notes Reference
Vice Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss   6 – 26 September 1917 [15]
Vice Admiral Sir Herbert Leopold Heath   27 September–December 1917 [16]
Rear Admiral George Hope   10 January 1918– 5 August 1919 [17]
Admiral Sir Charles Kennedy-Purvis   29 July 1942–May 1946 [18]

Notes

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  1. ^ Marder, Arthur J. (Mar 31, 2014). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: Volume IV 1917, Year of Crisis. Seaforth Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 9781848322011.
  2. ^ Heath Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. p. 200.
  3. ^ Quoted in Wester Wemyss. Life and Letters. pp. 362-363.
  4. ^ Jellicoe. The Crisis of the Naval War. p. 15.
  5. ^ Quoted in Marder. From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow. IV. pp. 223-224.
  6. ^ "A New Admiralty Board" (News). The Times. Thursday, 31 July 1919. Issue 42166, col A, p. 18.
  7. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. "The Dreadnought Project, Deputy First Sea Lord, Duites, ADM 116/1585A". dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 5 May 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  8. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. "The Dreadnought Project". dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 5 May 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  9. ^ Quoted in Wester Wemyss. Life & Letters. p. 364.
  10. ^ Black. The British Naval Staff. p. 307.
  11. ^ Geddes Memorandum of 14 January 1918. "Organisation of the Naval Staff." The National Archives. ADM 137/2715. Diagram reproduced in Black. The British Naval Staff. p. 230.
  12. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. "The Dreadnought Project". dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 5 May 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  13. ^ "DEPUTY-FIRST SEA LORD (APPOINTMENT)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Hansard, Vol 382, C1038, 5 August 1942. 5 August 1942. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
  14. ^ "Royal Navy Appointments" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15.
  15. ^ Marder, Arthur J. (Mar 31, 2014). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: Volume IV 1917, Year of Crisis. Seaforth Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 9781848322011.
  16. ^ Marder, Arthur J. (Mar 31, 2014). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: Volume IV 1917, Year of Crisis. Seaforth Publishing. p. 223. ISBN 9781848322011.
  17. ^ Rose, Susan, ed. (2008). The Naval Miscellany. Vol. VII. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 8. ISBN 9780754664314.
  18. ^ "DEPUTY-FIRST SEA LORD (APPOINTMENT).", Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), vol. 382, Hansard, C1038, 5 August 1942, retrieved 13 January 2017

References

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  • Harley Simon, Lovell Tony, (2015), Deputy First Sea Lord, dreadnoughtproject.org, http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org.
  • Black, Nicholas (2009). The British Naval Staff in the First World War. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843834427.
  • Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division (1929). The Naval Staff of the Admiralty. Its Work and Development. B.R. 1845 (late C.B. 3013). Copy at The National Archives. ADM 234/434.
  • Rodger. N.A.M., (1979) The Admiralty (offices of state), T. Dalton, Lavenham, ISBN 978-0900963940.
  • Wester Wemyss, Lady (1935). The Life and Letters of Lord Wester Wemyss. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
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