The Dercetidae are an extinct family of aulopiform ray-finned fish that are known from the Late Cretaceous to the early Paleocene (and possibly to the Eocene if Stratodus is a member).[1][2][3] They are among the many members of the diverse, extinct suborder Enchodontoidei, which were dominant during the Cretaceous.[4][5]
| Dercetidae Temporal range: Possible Early Eocene record
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| Specimen of Dercetis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Aulopiformes |
| Suborder: | †Enchodontoidei |
| Family: | †Dercetidae Woodward, 1901 |
| Type genus | |
| †Dercetis Agassiz, 1834
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| Genera | |
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See text | |
They can be distinguished by their slender appearance with an elongated snout and a prominent row of dermal scutes. Many genera evolved a very slender body plan with elongated jaws, closely converging on modern needlefish.[2][6][7]
Taxonomy
editInitially, due to their slender appearance, dercetids were classified with the spiny eels in the order Notacanthiformes, but this was only based on their superficially similar body plans. More recent research indicates that the dercetids were related to modern lizardfish and grinners.[2]
The following genera are known:[7]
- Family †Dercetidae
- Genus †Apuliadercetis Taverne, 2006
- Genus †Benthesikyme White & Moy-Thomas, 1940 (=Leptotrachelus von der Marck, 1863)
- Genus †Brazilodercetis Figueiredo & Gallo, 2006
- Genus †Candelarhynchus Vernygora et al., 2018
- Genus †Caudadercetis Taverne, 2006
- Genus †Cyranichthys Taverne, 1987
- Genus †Dercetis Agassiz, 1834
- Genus †Dercetoides Chalifa, 1989
- Genus †Hastichthys Taverne, 1991
- ?Genus †Kwangodercetis Casier, 1965
- ?Genus †Leccedercetis Taverne, 2008
- ?Genus †Paradercetis Casier, 1965
- Genus †Nardodercetis Taverne, 2005
- Genus †Ophidercetis Taverne, 2005
- Genus †Pelargorhynchus von der Marck, 1858
- Genus †Rhynchodercetis Arambourg, 1943
- ?Genus †Scandiadercetis Taverne, 2005
- ?Genus †Stratodus Cope, 1872
The genus Robertichthys was previously considered a dercetid, but more recent studies suggest that it was an aspidorhynchid, a member of an entirely different group of fish.[7]
Some studies suggest that this family is paraphyletic.[4] However, others have found it to be monophyletic.[5][6]
Evolution
editDercetids were a dominant group of marine fish throughout the Late Cretaceous, from their appearance during the late Albian/early Cenomanian up to the very end of the Maastrichtian, when they were almost entirely wiped out by the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. Only a single genus, Scandiadercetis from the Danian limestone of the Limhamns kalkbrott, Sweden, is known from the Cenozoic, shortly after the extinction event.[5] However, if the giant Stratodus is considered a dercetid, then they may have survived until the Early Eocene of the Trans-Saharan seaway.[3]
Ecology
editAt some sites such as in the Maastricht Formation, dercetid remains representing a diversity of taxa have been recovered within Lepidenteron lewesiensis, a trace fossil that likely represents the fossilized burrow of a eunicid worm. This suggests that dercetids often fell prey to these worms.[8][9]
References
edit- ^ "PBDB". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ a b c Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Díaz-Cruz, Jesús Alberto (2021-01-01). "Hastichthys totonacus sp. nov., a North American Turonian dercetid fish (Teleostei, Aulopiformes) from the Huehuetla quarry, Puebla, Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 105: 102900. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10502900A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102900. ISSN 0895-9811.
- ^ a b "Stratigraphy and Paleobiology of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene Sediments from the Trans-Saharan Seaway in Mali". MorphoBank datasets. 2019-07-01. doi:10.7934/p2735. S2CID 242354960.
- ^ a b Chida, Mori (Fall 2022). "A new species of dercetid and the assessment of the phylogeny of the Enchodontoidei (Teleostei: Aulopiformes)". ERA. doi:10.7939/r3-nqmz-nf15. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
- ^ a b c Silva, Hilda M. A.; Gallo, Valéria (2011). "Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of Enchodontoidei (Teleostei: Aulopiformes)". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (2): 483–511. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000200010. ISSN 0001-3765. PMID 21670874.
- ^ a b Vernygora, Oksana; Murray, Alison M.; Luque, Javier; Ruge, Mary Luz Parra; Fonseca, María Euridice Paramo (2018-09-26). "A new Cretaceous dercetid fish (Neoteleostei: Aulopiformes) from the Turonian of Colombia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 16 (12): 1057–1071. Bibcode:2018JSPal..16.1057V. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1391884. ISSN 1477-2019.
- ^ a b c Chida, Mori; Brinkman, Donald B.; Murray, Alison M. (2023-10-01). "A large, new dercetid fish (Teleostei: Aulopiformes) from the Campanian Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada". Cretaceous Research. 150: 105579. Bibcode:2023CrRes.15005579C. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105579. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ Schwarzhans, Werner W.; Jagt, John W. M. (2021-11-01). "Silicified otoliths from the Maastrichtian type area (Netherlands, Belgium) document early gadiform and perciform fishes during the Late Cretaceous, prior to the K/Pg boundary extinction event". Cretaceous Research. 127: 104921. Bibcode:2021CrRes.12704921S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104921. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ Bieńkowska-Wasiluk, Małgorzata; Uchman, Alfred; Jurkowska, Agata; Świerczewska-Gładysz, Ewa (2015-12-01). "The trace fossil Lepidenteron lewesiensis: a taphonomic window on diversity of Late Cretaceous fishes". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 89 (4): 795–806. Bibcode:2015PalZ...89..795B. doi:10.1007/s12542-015-0260-x. ISSN 1867-6812. PMC 5448080. PMID 28596622.