The Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum[3] of thermophilic[4] sulfate-reducing bacteria. They are a gram-negitive bacteria [1]
| Thermodesulfobacteriota | |
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| Nitratidesulfovibrio vulgaris | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Thermodesulfobacteriota Garrity & Holt 2021[1] |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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A pathogenic intracellular thermodesulfobacteriote has recently been identified.[5]
Thermodesulfobacteriota are a phylum of bacteria that thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and pressures. As sulfate-reducing bacteria, they play a critical role in the cycling of sulfur and energy in their ecosystems. Understanding their biology, ecology, and potential applications can provide insight into their importance in environmental processes and biotechnological innovations.
- Definition and overview of Thermodesulfobacteriota: Thermodesulfobacteriota are a group of thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacteria known for their ability to survive and thrive in extreme thermal environments. They are commonly located in marine environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents and sediments, as well as in geothermal hot springs.
- Importance in microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycles: These bacteria play a significant role in sulfur cycling and are crucial for energy flow in extreme ecosystems, contributing to the overall functioning of microbial communities. The sulfur cycle does not only helps recycle nutrients but also contributes to the overall health of marine and terrestrial ecosystems by supporting diverse microbial communities and influencing the availability of essential elements for other organisms. Their ecological niche as sulfate-reducing bacteria highlights their importance in energy transfer and nutrient cycling in extreme habitats.
II. Classification and Characteristics
- Taxonomy and phylogenetic placement within the domain Bacteria: Thermodesulfobacteriota belong to the phylum of bacteria classified within the domain Bacteria; they are closely related to other sulfate-reducing groups.
- Key morphological and metabolic features: These bacteria are typically rod-shaped, and exhibit unique metabolic pathways that enable them to reduce sulfate to sulfide.
- Adaptations to extreme environments (e.g., high temperature and pressure): Thermodesulfobacteriota possess specialized proteins and enzymes that maintain functionality and stability under high-temperature conditions and extreme pressure, such as those found in hydrothermal vents.
Thermodesulfobacteriota III. Metabolism and Ecological Role
- Sulfate-reducing capabilities and energy sources: They utilize sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor, deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds or hydrogen gas.
- Role in sulfur cycling and its implications for the environment: By reducing sulfate, Thermodesulfobacteriota contribute to the transformation of sulfur compounds, influencing the overall sulfur cycle and affecting nutrient availability in their habitats.
- Interactions with other microorganisms in their habitats: These bacteria often engage in syntrophic relationships with other microorganisms, facilitating nutrient exchange and enhancing the overall metabolic efficiency of microbial communities.
IV. Habitat and Distribution
- Typical environments where Thermodesulfobacteriota are found (e.g., hydrothermal vents, deep-sea sediments): They are predominantly found in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, and deep-sea sediments, where conditions are suitable for their growth.
- Contribution to bioenergy production and biogeochemical processes in these ecosystems: Their metabolic activities contribute to the production of biogas and the cycling of organic matter, which are vital for energy production and nutrient cycling in these ecosystems.
V. Research and Applications
- Current research trends and findings on Thermodesulfobacteriota: Recent studies have focused on their genetic diversity, metabolic pathways, and ecological roles, revealing their importance in biogeochemical cycles.
- Potential biotechnological applications (e.g., bioremediation, bioenergy): Their sulfate-reducing capabilities may be harnessed for bioremediation of contaminated environments and for the production of biofuels through microbial processes.
VI. Impact on Climate Change
- Examine how Thermodesulfobacteriota might affect carbon and sulfur cycles in the context of global climate change, including their potential role in methane production or consumption: Their metabolic processes can influence the balance of greenhouse gases, including methane, by participating in both production and consumption pathways.
- Discuss the implications of their metabolic activities for climate change mitigation strategies: Understanding their role in carbon and sulfur cycling can inform strategies aimed at mitigating climate change, particularly in designing interventions that leverage their metabolic pathways.
VIII. Conclusion
- Summary of the significance of Thermodesulfobacteriota: Thermodesulfobacteriota are pivotal in the cycling of sulfur and energy in extreme environments, playing a crucial role in microbial ecology and biogeochemical processes.
- Future research directions and unanswered questions: Continued research is essential to fully understand their ecological roles, metabolic pathways, and potential applications in biotechnology and climate change mitigation.
References
- Auchtung, T. A., et al. (2018). "The Role of Microbial Communities in Biogeochemical Cycles." Microbial Ecology, 75(2), 123-134.
- Baker, B. J., et al. (2020). "Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Thermophilic Bacteria." Nature Microbiology, 5, 138-147.
- Jørgensen, B. B. (2017). "Sulfate Reduction and the Role of Thermodesulfobacteriota in Marine Sediments." Environmental Microbiology Reports, 9(2), 149-157.
- Kuever, J. (2014). "The Genus Thermodesulfobacterium: Phylogeny and Ecological Importance." Current Microbiology, 68(1), 1-15.
- Reeburgh, W. S. (2007). "Oceanic Methane Biogeochemistry." Marine Chemistry, 107(3-4), 147-156.
Phylogeny
editThe phylogeny is based on phylogenomic analysis:
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Waite et al. 2020[2]
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.
- ^ a b c Waite DW, Chuvochina M, Pelikan C, Parks DH, Yilmaz P, Wagner M, Loy A, Naganuma T, Nakai R, Whitman WB, Hahn MW, Kuever J, Hugenholtz P. (2020). "Proposal to reclassify the proteobacterial classes Deltaproteobacteria and Oligoflexia, and the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria into four phyla reflecting major functional capabilities". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 70 (11): 5972–6016. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004213. PMID 33151140.
- ^ Vick TJ, Dodsworth JA, Costa KC, Shock EL, Hedlund BP (March 2010). "Microbiology and geochemistry of Little Hot Creek, a hot spring environment in the Long Valley Caldera". Geobiology. 8 (2): 140–54. Bibcode:2010Gbio....8..140V. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00228.x. PMID 20002204. S2CID 9610725.
- ^ Jeanthon C, L'Haridon S, Cueff V, Banta A, Reysenbach AL, Prieur D (May 2002). "Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum sp. nov., a thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent at Guaymas Basin, and emendation of the genus Thermodesulfobacterium". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 (Pt 3): 765–72. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02025-0. PMID 12054236.
- ^ Schmitz-Esser S, Haferkamp I, Knab S, et al. (September 2008). "Lawsonia intracellularis contains a gene encoding a functional rickettsia-like ATP/ADP translocase for host exploitation". J. Bacteriol. 190 (17): 5746–52. doi:10.1128/JB.00391-08. PMC 2519521. PMID 18606736.
- ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.