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The Deutsche Notenbank (lit. 'German Bank of Issue') was a central bank established in 1948 to serve East Germany. It was replaced on 1 January 1968 by the Staatsbank der DDR.
Overview
editIn the immediate aftermath of German defeat in 1945, the Reichsbank was placed under joint Allied custodianship pending its liquidation.[1]: 322 in the Soviet occupation zone, entities dubbed Emissions- und Girobanken were established in May 1947 in each of the zone's five Provinces, namely in Potsdam for Brandenburg, Rostock for Mecklenburg, Dresden for Saxony, Halle for Saxony-Anhalt, and Erfurt for Thuringia. Each of these was fully owned and controlled by the respective provincial authorities.[1]: 335
In 1947, newly appointed U.S. Military Governor Lucius D. Clay fostered the creation of a German central bank. An agreement on that concept was reached among the three Western occupying forces on 30 October 1947, resulting in the establishment on 1 March 1948 of the Bank deutscher Länder.[1]: 330-331 On 21 May 1948, the Soviet occupation authorities replied by establishing a Deutsche Emissions- und Girobank in Potsdam, which was renamed the Deutsche Notenbank in July. It soon relocated to East Berlin.[1]: 336
In line with Soviet doctrine, the Deutsche Notenbank was part of a single-tier banking system in which the central bank had equal status in credit allocation as the other existing banks, including the state banks that had been established in 1946 in each of the occupation zone's five provinces.[1]: 333 The early GDR banking system also included a savings bank, a cooperative bank, the Soviet military-linked Garantie- und Kreditbank,[1]: 334 and the Berliner Stadtkontor.[2]
Presidents
editGreta Kuckhoff, a figure of the German resistance to Nazism, was the President of the Deutsche Notenbank from 1950 to 1958.[citation needed]
- Willy Huhn (1948–1950)
- Greta Kuckhoff (1950–1958)
- Martin Schmidt (1958–1961)
- Rolf Wetzel (1961–1964)
- Helmut Dietrich (1964–1967)
- Margarete Wittkowski (1967)
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d e f Hans A. Adler (August 1949), "The Post-War Reorganization of the German Banking System", Quarterly Journal of Economics (63:3), Oxford University Press: 322–341
- ^ "50 Jahre Landeszentralbank in Berlin und Brandenburg 1949 - 1999". Deutsche Bundesbank.
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