Diaulula sandiegensis, commonly known as the San Diego dorid or the ringed dorid, is a species of sea slug or nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the suborder Doridina and the family Discodorididae.[2]
| Diaulula sandiegensis | |
|---|---|
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| A pair of Diaulula sandiegensis mating | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Family: | Discodorididae |
| Genus: | Diaulula |
| Species: | D. sandiegensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Diaulula sandiegensis | |
The specific epithet sandiegensis means "of San Diego", referring to the Southern California city.
Distribution
editThough both its common and scientific names refer to San Diego, Diaulula sandiegensis occurs along the coast of the northeastern Pacific, from Alaska to Puerto Penasco, Mexico.[3] This dorid nudibranch inhabits the intertidal zone from depths of 0-35 m (115 ft), in both sandy and rocky habitats.[3]
Description
editDiaulula sandiegensis grows from 5 to 10 cm (2-5 in) in length. This nudibranch ranges in color from white to golden-yellow or light brown, and has characteristic markings consisting of sparse, irregularly scattered dark brown rings and spots on the mantle.[4][5] It is likely that these spots are the beginning stage of the rings.[3] Their mantle has a velvety appearance, created by minute spiculate papillae (caryophillidia); these sensory nodules are typical of dorid nudibranchs.[5]
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Diaulula sandiegensis -
In a central California tidepool
Ecology
editDiet
editLike many dorids, this species feeds on sponges; in this case, species of the genera Halichondria, Haliclona, Myxilla, and Petrosia.[3]
Growth and reproduction
editLike all nudibranchs, Diaulula sandiegensis is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. While mating, individuals wrestle for dominance, attempting to penetrate and impregnate the other by darting their penises into their body wall. The egg ribbon is narrow, white, and attached in an oval spiral on a rock substrate. Eggs develop and hatch into planktonic veliger larvae.[3] After undergoing metamorphosis, Diaulula sandiegensis will spend its life in the benthic zone, using specially developed pedal ganglia in their foot to assist in movement like many other bottom-dwelling nudibranchs. These ganglia work by producing peptides which elicit an increase in the rate at which the cilia on the underside of the foot beat, resulting in crawling.[6]
References
edit- ^ Cooper, J.G. (1862). Some new genera and species of Californian mollusca. Proceedings of the Californian Academy of Natural Sciences, 2: 202-207
- ^ Rosenberg, G.; Bouchet, P. (2015). Diaulula sandiegensis (J. G. Cooper, 1863). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2016-12-04.
- ^ a b c d e "Dialula sandiegensis". inverts.wallawalla.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-17.
- ^ Behrens D. W., (1980). Pacific Coast Nudibranchs: a guide to the opisthobranchs of the northeastern Pacific, Sea Challenger Books, Washington
- ^ a b Rudman, W.B., 2000 (July 4) Diaulula sandiegensis (Cooper, 1862). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
- ^ Baltzley, Michael J.; Sherman, Allison; Cain, Shaun D.; Lohmann, Kenneth J. (December 2011). "Conservation of a T ritonia Pedal peptides network in gastropods". Invertebrate Biology. 130 (4): 313–324. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2011.00242.x.