Pedanius Dioscorides (c. AD 40–90) was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, and botanist.
Dioscorides or Dioscurides may also refer to:
- Dioscurides (nephew of Antigonus I) (fl. 314–313 BC), admiral during the Wars of the Diadochi
- Dioscorides (Stoic) (fl. 225 BC), Stoic philosopher
- Dioscorides (poet) (3rd century BC), Hellenistic epigrammatist