Dodkhudoeva is a feminine surname, and its masculine counterpart is Dodkhudoev. Notable people with the surname include:
- Larisa Dodkhudoeva (born 1947), Tajikistani historian
- Lola Dodkhudoeva (born 1951), Tajikistani historian
- Nazarshoh Dodkhudoev (1915–2000), Soviet Tajik politician