Dolgov (Russian: Долгов) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Alexander Dmitrievich Dolgov (born 1941), Russian cosmologist
- Dumitru Dolgov (born 1987), Moldovan football player
- Konstantin Dolgov (born 1968), Russian politician
- Nikolai Dolgov (born 1946), Soviet football player and manager
- Pyotr Dolgov (1920–1962), Soviet Air Force colonel and Hero of the Soviet Union
- Vladimir Dolgov (born 1960), Soviet backstroke swimmer
- Yevgeni Dolgov (born 1969), Soviet and Russian football player