Antonia Dorotea de Chopitea de Villota (4 June 1816, Santiago, Chile – 3 April 1891, Barcelona, Spain) was a Chile-born philanthropist and social worker based in Barcelona. She is considered the principal patroness and the most important social work promoter in Barcelona in the 19th century.[1] She was declared Venerable by Pope John Paul I on 9 June 1983.[2]
Dorotea de Chopitea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Antonia Dorotea de Chopitea de Villota 4 June 1816 |
| Died | 3 April 1891 (aged 74) Barcelona, Spain |
| Resting place | The Shrine of Mary, Help of Christians, Barcelona |
| Nationality | Chile, Spain |
| Occupation(s) | philanthropist, social worker |
| Known for | founder of numerous social establishments in Barcelona |
Life
editAntonia Dorotea de Chopitea de Villota was born on 4 June 1816 in Santiago, Chile, to Pedro Nicolás de Chopitea and Isabel de Villota.[3] Her father was a royalist and after the proclamation of Independence of Chile his assets were confiscated. In 1819, the family was forced in to move to Spain and settled in Barcelona.[2] In 1831, they briefly returned to Chile hoping to recover lost possessions and obtain compensation for their confiscated assets, however it was unsuccessful, and the family returned to Barcelona the same year.[3]
At the age of 16, Chopitea married 22-year-old Josep María Serra Muñoz on 31 October 1832.[4] The marriage was against the will of Chopitea's parents.[5] Her husband later was among the founders of the Bank of Barcelona and the Maquinista Terrestre y Maritima,[1] as well as a consul to the Chilean government in Barcelona.[2]
Between 1834 and 1845 Chopitea became a mother of six daughters.[4] They were named Dorotea, Ana María, Isabel, María Luisa, Carmen and Jesuina.[6] One of the daughters died when she was 16.[1]
In 1873, The Serra-Chopitea family settled in the Ensanche, in a palace-house on the Gran Vía (currently occupied by the Hotel Gran Vía).[2]
Dorotea de Chopitea died on 3 April 1891 in Barcelona at the age of 74.[6] In 1928, her remains were transferred from the cemetery of the Poblenou neighborhood to The Shrine of Mary, Help of Christians in Sarria, founded by her.[2]
Philanthropy and social work
editIn 1835, after the protests and the burning of convents, Chopitea was determined to support the marginalized social strata and spend money for education of the working class youth.[1] She had a vision that the key to solving the conflict was in improving the living conditions of the poor and marginalized.[5]
Chopitea created an extensive network of support for the most disadvantaged by the industrial revolution.[7] She founded hospitals, residences, schools and asylum rooms, where working mothers could leave their children, and workshops to teach craft to young people.[8] It is estimated that in total around 30 foundations were the result of Chopitea's and her husband's charity.[6] Only on Catalan lands four churches, fifteen schools, four hospitals and seven residences were founded by Chopitea. Additionally, she along with Presbitero Blas Cañas and the philanthropist Manuel Arriarán, made possible the foundation of the Salesian schools "Patrocinio de San Jose" and "Maria Auxiliadora" in Santiago and the so-called "Salesian Educational Center" in Talca, Chile.[3]
Chopitea was the patroness of the order The Religious of the Sacred Heart, often called, the Madames of the Sacred Heart, that founded an advanced academy with social prestige for daughters of the elite to teach behavior and expectations appropriate to the upper class. The order has served the daughters of wealthy Catholic families in Europe, Latin America and the United States.[9]
After the death of her husband in 1882, Chopitea donated a half of what she had inherited from him to the poor.[1] The same year she met John Bosco, the founder of Salesian order, and became its benefactor financing the temple of Tibidado dedicated to the Sacred Heart.[5]
Commemoration and beatification process
editFollowing the death of Chopitea three her biographies appeared: in 1892 by the Jesuit Jaume Nonell, in 1926 by Jesuit Jacint Alegre, and in 1962 by the Salesian Amadeo Burdeus.[2]
Numerous religious orders agreed that she had died as a saint.[7] In 1927, the Salesian congregation started the process of beatification of Chopitea.[5] Her spiritual writings were approved by theologians on 4 May 1952.[10] Pope John Paul I declared her Venerable on 9 June 1983.[2]
On the occasion of bicentenary of Chopitea's birth a documentary Dorothy de Chopitea, a lady of Barcelona was shot.[1] The objective of the film is to advocate her legacy and reveal her personality to spread information about her contributions.[5]
List of foundations
editTemples (5)
edit- Iglesia del Sagrado Corazón
- Iglesia de San José
- Santuario y Parroquia de María Auxiliadora
- Basílica y Parroquia del Sagrado Corazón
- Parroquía de San Eugenio I Papa
Schools (15)
edit- Sagrado Corazón-Sarriá
- Sagrado Corazón-Aldana
- Sagrada Família
- Jesuitas de Caspe
- Salesianos de Sarriá
- Salesianas de Sarriá
- Salesianos de Rocafort
- La Salle Barceloneta
- San Juan Bautista Barceloneta
- Jesuitas de Sarriá
- Asunción
- Sagrado Corazón-Diputación
- La Salle Gracia
- San Vicente de Paúl
- La Salle Les Corts. Avda. Sarriá 8
- La Salle Poble Sec. Blay 42
Hospitals (4)
edit- Hospital de San Juan de Dios (Hermanos de San Juan de Dios)
- Hospital San Rafael (Hospitalarias del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús
- Hospital del Sagrado Corazón (Hospitalarias del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús)
- Hospital de Niños de Barcelona
Residences (7)
edit- Asilo de San Juan Bautista
- Asilo de San Rafael
- Residencia de María Reparadora (Reparadoras)
- Residencia y Centro Social de María Inmaculada (Religiosas de María Inmaculada)
- Asilo de la calle de la Luna
- Asilo del Buen Consejo (Dominicas de la Presentación)
- Asilo de ancianos (Hermanitas de los Pobres)
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Spain - Dorotea de Chopitea is considered the most important promoter of social work in Barcelona in the nineteenth century". www.infoans.org (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Dorotea de Chopitea". Asociación Casa de María Reina de la Paz (in European Spanish). 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ a b c Gaete, Marcial Sánchez (2009). Historia de la Iglesia en Chile. Tomo III: Tomo III. Los nuevos caminos: la iglesia y el estado (in Spanish). Editorial Universitaria de Chile. p. 582. ISBN 978-956-11-2350-2.
- ^ a b Alentorn, Miquel Coll i (1992). Història (in Catalan). L'Abadia de Montserrat. p. 412. ISBN 978-84-7826-361-5.
- ^ a b c d e "Dorotea de Chopitea, una señora de Barcelona". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 2016-12-17. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ a b c "Dorotea de Chopitea, Venerable". Catholic.net (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ a b "Dorotea de Chopitea, la "madre de los pobres" que le puso alma a Barcelona". abc (in Spanish). 2016-12-17. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ "Dorotea de Chopitea, la millonaria que dejó su dinero a los pobres y que nadie conoce". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 2016-12-25. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ McDonogh, Gary Wray (2014-07-14). Good Families of Barcelona: A Social History of Power in the Industrial Era. Princeton University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-1-4008-5823-1.
- ^ Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum (in Latin). Typis polyglottis vaticanis. January 1953. p. 59.